The invention relates to the technical field of air compressors, and discloses a piston type air compressor. The piston type air compressor comprises an air cylinder, a sealing cylinder is installed on the inner side of an installation plate, and a vacuum pump is arranged at the end, located on the sealing cylinder, of the inner side of the installation plate; a water cooling plate is arranged onthe side, located on the installation plate, of the outer surface of the air cylinder; an inner cylinder is arranged in the sealing cylinder, and an inner cavity is formed between the sealing cylinderand the inner cylinder; a main shaft rod is installed in the inner cylinder, a plurality of eccentric wheels are connected with one end of the main shaft rod, a connecting rod is vertically connectedwith the edge of one side surface of each eccentric wheel, and a movable shaft is rotationally connected with the surface of each connecting rod; and a movable rod is connected with the surface of each movable shaft, and a piston cylinder is connected with one end of each movable rod. According to the piston type air compressor, continuous work of the air compressor is guaranteed, noise generatedwhen the piston cylinder and the motor work can be isolated, the problems that noise is large and influences on the environment are large are solved, and cooling treatment can be conducted on high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the piston cylinder.