The invention discloses a device for measuring the expansion rate of an oil well cement test block and belongs to the technical field of cement preparation. The device comprises a base, stand columns and a clamping arm, the lower ends of the stand columns are connected with the base, and the upper ends of the stand columns are connected with the clamping arm; the device is characterized by further comprising a thermotank and a temperature controller, the thermotank is fixed to the base, the inner wall of the thermotank is connected with a heating tube, the outer wall of the thermotank is connected with an insulating layer, the inner wall of the thermotank is connected with a thermocouple, the temperature controller is electrically connected with the thermocouple and the heating tube, the clamping arm is connected with a dial gauge, a downward-recessed seat is fixed to the bottom wall of the interior of the thermotank, an upward-recessed seat is fixed to the top wall, the upward-recessed seat penetrates through the top wall of the thermotank and is connected with the dial gauge, and a standard bar is inlaid between the downward-recessed seat and the upward-recessed seat. By means of the device, the expansion rate of the oil well cement test block can be measured under different environment temperatures, objective data reference is provided for oil well cement under site construction, and the device has the advantages of being high in measurement precision and accuracy.