The present invention relates to a fluorescence labeled composite amplification detection kit for simultaneously analyzing 17 gene loci of canine genomic DNA. With the system provided by the kit, genetic polymorphisms of the 17 gene loci of the canine genomic DNA can be simultaneously analyzed. The 17 gene loci of the canine genomic DNA comprise DAmel, PEZ1, PEZ2, PEZ3, PEZ5, PEZ6, PEZ8, PEZ12, PEZ15, PEZ20, PEZ21, FH2010, FH2054, FH2079, FH2132, FH2611 and VWFX, is divided into four groups, and relates to the fluorescence labels comprising five colors. The fluorescence labeled composite amplification detection kit provided by the present invention is provided for composite amplification of a mixture comprising oligonucleotide primers of the 17 gene loci. In the system, the gene locus foridentifying the gender of the DNA samples is the DAmel gene locus. The detection results of the system has characteristics of high polymorphism, good balance, high sensitivity, strong specificity, accurate typing result, strong species-specificity, and can fully meet the requirements of dog individual identification, paternity identification, and DNA database construction.