The invention discloses a novel small gas-water backwashing filtration tank, which comprises a tank body, wherein the tank body can be divided into 2-6 filtration grids, a filtration area of each filtration grid is not more than 30 m<2>, and the filtration grid is provided with a water inlet area, a filtration area, and a water and gas distribution area. According to the present invention, with an optimal design of a filtration head, filtration head clogging can be effectively prevented, and a rebuilding period of the filtration tank can be substantially prolonged, wherein the rebuilding period can be more than five years; with optimal designs of various positions of the tank body, a backwashing effect can be increased, energy saving and consumption reduction can be provided, and filtration material loss can be effectively prevented; the special water inlet distribution groove, a weir plate and a V-shaped groove of a V-shaped filtration tank are eliminated, and untreated water is assigned to various filtration grids only by adopting a water inlet total pipe and a water inlet branch pipe combination manner, such that the requirement of uniform water entering can be basically achieved, and a tank body structure is simplified; and backwashing water is uniformly distributed through the water and gas distribution area on the bottom of the tank, and backwashing gas is uniformly distributed through gas distribution manifolds outside the tank, such that the tank body structure is further simplified, an occupation area is reduced, and a cost is reduced.