The invention relates to a dual-channel and single light path structure fluorescent anisotropic
microscopic imaging device and a fluorescent anisotropic
microscopic imaging method, which are suitable for transmission and reflection type microscopes. In the fluorescent anisotropic
microscopic imaging device, a twisted nematic
liquid crystal polarization rotator and a polarization analyzer are positioned on a
fluorescence imaging light path, and the rotation center of the twisted nematic
liquid crystal polarization rotator is coincident with the center of an
optical axis of the
fluorescence imaging light path, and the polarization direction of a
polarizer, the polarization detection direction of the polarization analyzer, and the
liquid crystal molecule arrangement direction on one side of incident light of the twisted nematic liquid
crystal polarization rotator are parallel. According to the fluorescent anisotropic microscopic imaging method provided by the invention, the time-sharing control twisted nematic liquid
crystal polarization rotator outputs a polarization state of light by switching
high and low level signals, two tested sample
fluorescence images, which are mutually perpendicular to the polarization direction, are correspondingly shot by a
digital camera, and finally, fluorescent anisotropic microscopic images of the tested samples are calculated. On the premise of enhancing the fluorescent anisotropic imaging precision, the fluorescent anisotropic microscopic imaging device and the fluorescent anisotropic microscopic imaging method can fully utilize the view field of the
digital camera, simplify the
system structure, and make the cost lower.