The invention discloses a preparation method of Yupingfeng herb residue polysaccharide synbiotic and application of the synbiotic in immunoregulation and belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine residue recycling technology and microecologics. The synbiotic is prepared by using rhizopus oligosporus SH to ferment Yupingfeng herb residue polysaccharide (YPD). The preparation method is characterized by taking YPD as a unique raw material to obtain the Yupingfeng herb residue polysaccharide synbiotic through rhizopus oligosporus SH fermentation and including the links of dissolving of YPD, circulating steam sterilization, cooling, inoculation, fermentation and freeze-drying. By the synbiotic, in-vitro proliferation activity, phagocytic activity and NO releasing capability of rice lymphocytes and macrophagocytes are improved remarkably, and expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, NF-kB, TLR-4 and iNOS in cells can be increased; in an LPS-induced chronic inflammation model, the synbiotic remarkably inhibits in-vitro proliferation activity of lymphocytes and remarkably decreases expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, NF-kB, TLR-4 and iNOS in cells. Consequently, the Yupingfeng herb residue polysaccharide synbiotic has bidirectional immunoregulation effect and can serve as an immunoregulator.