The present invention provides a method for co-producing ethanol, biodiesel, biogas and other biological energy sources by using organic waste as a raw material. The method comprises that: a lignocellulose raw material is pretreated, enzymolysis sugar production and ethanol fermentation are performed, livestock and poultry manure is added to the enzymolysis residue, anaerobic fermentation is performed to produce biogas, the biogas residue is converted through saprophagous insects, organic wastewater is adopted to culture microalgae, and the insects and the microalgae are adopted to prepare the biodiesel; and an energy source plant conversion and utilization system is adopted to collect the process wastewater, the biogas liquid, the waste gas, the biogas residue and other solids and separate and enrich the biogas process carbon dioxide so as to be used for culture of sweet sorghum, sugar cane and other sugar-containing energy source plants, purple sweet potato and other starch-containing energy source plants, aspen and other cellulose-containing energy source plants, and sapium sebiferum and other grease-containing energy source plants, and the biomass produced by the energy source plants can further be used for extracting sugar sources, starch, fat and cellulose for biological energy source production.