The invention relates to a continuous ion exchange system for xylose production. The system comprises a plurality of cation exchange resin columns, a plurality of anion exchange resin columns, a connecting pipeline, an automatic control valve and an automatic control system, the connecting pipeline comprises an ion blow-off main pipe, a purified water main pipe, a regenerant main pipe, a production main pipe, a refining main pipe, a sweet water main pipe, a production material string column header pipe, a refined material string column header pipe, a transfer string column pipeline and a string column pipeline, the plurality of cation exchange resin columns and the plurality of anion exchange resin columns respectively form a water jacking group, a refining group, a production group, a sugar jacking group, a backwashing group, a regeneration group and a leaching group which move in sequence and operate circularly, and an automatic control system periodically controls each group of ionexchange resin columns through an automatic control valve to realize the production, refining, sugar ejection of water, water ejection of sugar, backwashing, leaching and regeneration processes. A using method of the system is also disclosed. The consumption of a regenerant and purified water is reduced, the sewage discharge amount is small, and the production cost is reduced.