87 results about "Vapor–liquid equilibrium" patented technology

A method for producing polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) polymer, including polymerizing reactants in a reaction mixture in a vessel to form PPS polymer in the vessel, measuring values of operating variables of the vessel and / or PPS process, and determining the amount of quench fluid to add to the vessel based on the values of the operating variables. The technique may rely on the vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) of the mixture to calculate the concentration of water existing in the reactor prior to quench, and accounts for the effectiveness of the upstream dehydration process and in the amount of water produced during the polymerization. The technique is a striking improvement over the trial-and-error estimation of the amount of quench water based on human operating experience, and avoids direct measurements of the existing water concentration in the reactor. The result is improved control of PPS particle size and other properties.

The present invention relates to a vapor recovery system for gas station that is capable of controlling vapor emission to less than 0.38 lbs / 1000 gallons fuel dispensed. The system may include at least one canister containing adsorbents such as activated carbon, zeolite, activated alumina, silica, and other adsorbents for passive removal of hydrocarbon vapors in venting air. Additionally, the system may include a means to enhance vapor-liquid equilibrium in the ullage of the fuel tank and accordingly minimize vapor emission level.

A method for producing polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) polymer, including polymerizing reactants in a reaction mixture in a vessel to form PPS polymer in the vessel, measuring values of operating variables of the vessel and / or PPS process, and determining the amount of quench fluid to add to the vessel based on the values of the operating variables. The technique may rely on the vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) of the mixture to calculate the concentration of water existing in the reactor prior to quench, and accounts for the effectiveness of the upstream dehydration process and in the amount of water produced during the polymerization. The technique is a striking improvement over the trial-and-error estimation of the amount of quench water based on human operating experience, and avoids direct measurements of the existing water concentration in the reactor. The result is improved control of PPS particle size and other properties.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for filling a therapeutic substance or drug within a hollow wire that forms a stent. The stent is placed within a chamber housing a fluid drug formulation. During filling, the chamber is maintained at or near the vapor-liquid equilibrium of the solvent of the fluid drug formulation. To fill the stent, a portion of the stent is placed into contact with the fluid drug formulation until a lumenal space defined by the hollow wire is filled with the fluid drug formulation via capillary action. After filling is complete, the stent is retracted such that the stent is no longer in contact with the fluid drug formulation. The solvent vapor pressure within the chamber is reduced to evaporate a solvent of the fluid drug formulation. A wicking means may control transfer of the fluid drug formulation into the stent.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for filling a therapeutic substance or drug within a hollow wire that forms a stent. The stent is placed within a chamber housing a fluid drug formulation. During filling, the chamber is maintained at or near the vapor-liquid equilibrium of the solvent of the fluid drug formulation. To fill the stent, a portion of the stent is placed into contact with the fluid drug formulation until a lumenal space defined by the hollow wire is filled with the fluid drug formulation via capillary action. After filling is complete, the stent is retracted such that the stent is no longer in contact with the fluid drug formulation. The solvent vapor pressure within the chamber is reduced to evaporate a solvent of the fluid drug formulation. A wicking means may control transfer of the fluid drug formulation into the stent.

The invention relates to a microwave field vapor-liquid equilibrium measuring device and a determination method. A vapor-liquid equilibrium kettle (3) is arranged in a microwave cavity main body (1); temperature measurement points of a vapor-liquid interface infrared thermodetector (6) are arranged on an upper surface of a mixture liquid; temperature measurement points of a liquid phase main body infrared thermodetector (10) are arranged on a middle part of a liquid phase main body upper segment (9); a microwave generator (14) is connected with a rectangular waveguide (15) through a microwave circulator water load (16); the rectangular waveguide (15) is connected with an interface of the microwave cavity main body (1); the microwave generator (14) effects microwave energy on an interface of the liquid phase main body upper segment (9) of the vapor-liquid equilibrium kettle and a vapor main body (13); and the liquid is heated, vaporized and condensed by a condenser (4) and returns to a liquid phase main body lower segment (8) through a back flow (7); after equilibrium, samples are taken respectively from a liquid phase sample tap (11) and a vapor sample tap (5) and analyzed. Microwave does not heat the vapor-liquid equilibrium kettle body made of a borosilicate glass material but directly effects on vapor phase main body and the liquid phase main body, so as to realize characteristics of energy saving, rapidness and efficient heating.

The invention discloses an automatic experiment and analysis device for a gas-liquid equilibrium phase diagram of a binary liquid solution. The automatic experiment and analysis device comprises a fixed bracket, a flask, a heating device, a fractionating device, a temperature measurement device, a micro control unit and a PWM (pulse width modulation) driving unit, wherein a heating stick assembly is adopted as the heating device; one end of the heating stick assembly extends into the flask, and the other end of the heating stick assembly is connected with the micro control unit through the PWM driving unit; the temperature measurement device comprises a double-path RTD (resistance temperature detector) assembly and a double-path temperature measurement module; one end of the double-path RTD assembly extends into the flask, and the other end of the double-path RTD assembly is connected with the micro control unit through the double-path temperature measurement module; an RTD sensor in the double-path RTD assembly extends into the binary liquid solution, and another RTD sensor is positioned above the binary liquid solution. The automatic experiment and analysis device for the gas-liquid equilibrium phase diagram, which is disclosed by the invention, can automatically measure and control the temperature and judge a gas-liquid equilibrium state accurately and sequentially and also finish experiment operations such as data acquisition, data analysis and data displaying; therefore, the precision of temperature control is improved, and the operation is easy.

The present invention provides a method and device for quickly extracting analytical species present in a liquid phase when using vapor-liquid contact extraction for analyzing species having "a large partition coefficient in the vapor-liquid equilibrium," "a high water solubility," or "a low olfactory threshold; " and further provides a method and device for introducing the analytical species as a sample in GC or the like without user assistance over prolonged and continuous periods of time. This method and device perform vapor-liquid contact of a sample liquid and purge gas using a vapor-liquid contact extraction unit for continuously introducing the sample liquid from above and the purge gas from below, and extract the analytical species from the test sample liquid. The purge gas is prevented from flowing out from a liquid reservoir provided to a discharge pipe connected to a bottom part of the vapor-liquid contact extraction unit while the liquid sample is discharged via the reservoir.

A method for supplying a refined liquefied gas, in which prior to the supply of a liquefied gas stored in a container, the liquefied gas is refined by discharging the gas constituting a gas phase part within the storage container. The method for supplying a refined liquefied gas is characterized in that a raw liquefied gas in a refinement tank, the raw liquefied gas containing highly volatile impurities, is refined by implementing the following operations and is then supplied to a receiver. (1) An operation in which the concentrations of the impurities in the gas phase are determined, then the concentration of each impurity in the liquid phase is estimated from the ratio between the liquid-phase concentration and the gas-phase concentration of the impurity (gas-liquid equilibrium constant (Kn)), and the amount of the gas to be discharged from the gas phase part within the refinement tank in order to refine the liquefied gas is assumed, (2) an operation in which the gas is discharged from the gas phase part to thereby refine the liquefied gas constituting the liquid phase, (3) an operation in which after completion of the discharge, the gas phase is sampled and the quality of the refined liquefied gas is ascertained, and (4) an operation in which after the quality of the refined liquefied gas is ascertained, the refined liquefied gas is supplied to a receiver from the refinement tank.

The invention discloses a working medium filling system for an independent parallel multichannel flat heat pipe, and a filling method thereof. The filling system comprises a working medium tank, a quantitative system, a constant temperature common chamber, a flat heat pipe, a variable temperature system, a vacuum system and a sealing system; and control valves are arranged between the quantitativesystem and the constant temperature common chamber as well as between the constant temperature common chamber and the vacuum system. During filling, non-condensable gas in a pipeline system and the flat heat pipe is pumped out firstly, and then high temperature and high pressure working medium vapor is filled into the flat heat pipe through the quantitative system; when temperature and pressure vapor-liquid equilibrium is achieved, working media in the parallel multichannel flat heat pipe are in the vapor-liquid phase coexisting state; at the moment, one end of the parallel multichannel flatheat pipe is sealed through the sealing system, so that the independent parallel multichannel flat heat pipe is made. The working medium filling system has the advantages of stable overall performance, the high filling quality and automation degree, and the simple technology, and is suitable for mass production, and the mass consistency of the working media in each flat heat pipe channel can be controlled accurately.