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A vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser (VECSEL) is a small semiconductor laser similar to a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). VECSELs are used primarily as near infrared devices in laser cooling and spectroscopy, but have also been explored for applications such as telecommunications.
Spatially distributed depth sensor array
Aspects of the present disclosure include spatially distributed depth sensor arrays for vehicle sensing. An example spatially distributed depth sensor array includes a 1 x N array of unit cells. Each unit cell includes a receiving pixel having at least one single photon avalanche photodiode (SPAD) vertically stacked above at least one time-to-digital converter (TDC), a transmitting pixel having at least one vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), and a backplane. The receiving pixel and the transmitting pixel are integrated onto a surface of the backplane to define a respective unit cell. The backplane is configured to receive a time-of-flight (TOF) signal from the at least one SPAD in response to detecting a photon emitted from the at least one VCSEL.
Owner:GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC