19results about "Biological synthesis" patented technology

The present invention discloses a process for preparing lactic acid by mechanically enhanced ammonia method from straw-like biomass. The enzymatic hydrolysate of solid fibers obtained by the mechanically enhanced ammonia method from straw-like biomass is used as the carbon source of the fermentation medium in the process of fermenting lactic acid. The preparation of the carbon source in the fermentation medium comprises the following steps: S1: treating straw-like lignocellulosic biomass with a pretreatment liquid containing ammonia water and inorganic ammonium salts in a twin-screw device; S2: subjecting the obtained material to a heat preservation reaction, and after solid-liquid separation, obtaining solid fibers containing holocellulose; S3: enzymatically hydrolyzing the obtained solid fibers with Trichoderma reesei cellulase and xylanase, and performing solid-liquid separation, and the obtained supernatant is used as the carbon source in the fermentation medium for fermenting L-lactic acid. The present invention uses the sugar liquid obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis and saccharification of pretreated holocellulose, inoculates Bacillus coagulans to ferment L-lactic acid after supplementing nitrogen source and inorganic salts, and can greatly improve the concentration and conversion rate of L-lactic acid.

Gaseous carbon compounds can be converted to carbon neutral or negative products using biological processes to metabolise the gaseous carbon compounds or use thermochemical processes to convert gaseous carbon compounds to syngas followed by thermochemical or biological processes to produce products. The gaseous carbon compounds include a mixture of CO2 and CH4 from either a single source, or two or more different sources. Separate biological processes are incorporated to process different gaseous carbon compounds. A gaseous carbon compound produced as a by-product of one biological process can be used as at least part of the feedstock for another process. A renewable energy system can be provided to power equipment. A control system can be used to control flow of gaseous carbon compounds and reactants entering the entire carbon processing systems to provide mass balanced quantities of gaseous carbon compounds and reactants in each processing system and / or between processing systems.

Provided is a method for reusing an adsorbent which can stably exhibit purification ability by regenerating a used absorbent, in order to keep the composition of a purified syngas constant. The present invention concerns a method for regenerating a zeolite adsorbent which adsorbs a carbon dioxide gas from a syngas comprising the carbon dioxide gas and reduces the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas in the syngas, comprising: a step of recovering a used zeolite adsorbent; a step of calcining the used zeolite adsorbent at a temperature of 300 °C to 600 °C in an oxygen atmosphere to produce a regenerated zeolite adsorbent; and a step of reusing the regenerated zeolite adsorbent.

Embodiments of the present invention may provide fluid flow coordinators (92), passive flow field modifiers (93), or even inwardly protruding helical spines (3) which can be used in continuous, scalable, low energy usage, bioreactor systems (1) perhaps to provide optimal mixing of microorganisms with nutrients (11), gases (95), or the like or even to move microorganisms (132), such as algae, in and out of light for effective and optimal growth.

A system and method for converting gaseous carbon compounds into carbon-neutral or carbon-negative products. The system and method uses biological processes to metabolize the gaseous carbon compounds. The gaseous carbon compounds include a mixture of CO2 and CH4 from a single source or from two or more different sources. Separate biological processes are combined to process different gaseous carbon compounds. Gaseous carbon compounds produced as a by-product of one biological process are used as a feedstock for, or as part of, another biological process. To assist in minimizing the carbon footprint and enabling an overall carbon-negative profile, a renewable energy system is provided to power the apparatus and equipment of the system and method.

The invention relates to a method for producing a synthesis gas for use in the production of a hydrocarbon product, particularly a synthetic fuel, said method comprising the steps of: providing a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising biogas; optionally, purifying the hydrocarbon feed stream in a gas purification unit; optionally, prereforming the hydrocarbon feed stream together with a steam feedstock in a prereforming unit; carrying out steam methane reforming in a reforming reactor heated by means of an electrical power source; providing the synthesis gas to a synthetic fuel synthesis unit, preferably a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis unit, for converting said synthesis gas into hydrocarbon product and producing a tail gas. The invention also relates to a system for producing a synthesis gas for use in the production of a hydrocarbon product, particularly a synthetic fuel.

Microorganisms and bioprocesses are provided that convert gaseous substrates, such as renewable H2 and waste CO2 producer gas, or syngas into high-protein biomass that may be used directly for human nutrition, or as a nutrient for plants, fungi, or other microorganisms, or as a source of soil carbon, nitrogen, and other mineral nutrients. Renewable H2 used in the processes described herein may be generated by electrolysis using solar or wind power. Producer gas used in the processes described herein may be derived from sources that include gasification of waste feedstock and / or biomass residue, waste gas from industrial processes, or natural gas, biogas, or landfill gas.

Microorganisms and bioprocesses are provided that convert gaseous substrates, such as renewable H2 and waste CO2 producer gas, or syngas into high-protein biomass that may be used directly for human nutrition, or as a nutrient for plants, fungi, or other microorganisms, or as a source of soil carbon, nitrogen, and other mineral nutrients. Renewable H2 used in the processes described herein may be generated by electrolysis using solar or wind power. Producer gas used in the processes described herein may be derived from sources that include gasification of waste feedstock and / or biomass residue, waste gas from industrial processes, or natural gas, biogas, or landfill gas.

To provide a system and a method for converting a gaseous carbon compound into a carbon-neutral or carbon-negative product.SOLUTION: A system and a method use a biological process of metabolizing a gaseous carbon compound. The gaseous carbon compound includes a mixture of CO2 and CH4 from a single source or two or more of different sources. Separate biological processes are united, and different gaseous carbon compounds are treated. The gaseous carbon compound produced as a subsidiary product of a single biological process is used as a raw material for another biological process or a part thereof. In order to assist minimization of a carbon footprint and facilitation of an overall carbon-negative profile, a recyclable energy system is provided, which gives a driving power to an apparatus and an installation of the system and method.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Provided is a carbon monoxide (CO) dehydrogenase with increased oxygen resistance and / or enzyme activity, specifically, a mutant CO dehydrogenase with increased oxygen resistance and / or enzyme activity by mutating amino acid residues. The CO dehydrogenase may detoxify toxic carbon monoxide at room temperature and pressure by easily oxidizing carbon monoxide and converting the same into carbon dioxide, and may effectively oxidize carbon monoxide even in gas including oxygen. Furthermore, since it is possible to remove carbon monoxide, which is emitted in large quantities in industries such as petrochemical and steel industries, cigarette burning, household cooking, various boilers, and combustion, through cigarette filters, air purifiers, intake filters in household cooking equipment, gas boilers, etc. the CO dehydrogenase may be utilized in various ways.

To provide methods of recovering oil from microorganisms.SOLUTION: The methods of recovering oil described herein include contacting a population of microorganisms with one or more enzymes under conditions that cause disruption of the microorganisms, concentrating the disrupted microorganisms, and extracting lipids from the disrupted microorganisms at high temperature in the presence of a salt and in the absence of solvent. The methods are useful, for example, in obtaining nutritional oils and / or lipid biofuels.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The present invention provides a method and system for producing methane. The method comprises contacting methanogenic microorganisms in a reaction vessel with hydrogen and carbon dioxide, wherein the gas feed rate of hydrogen and carbon dioxide into the reaction vessel is at least 1 vvm in total or at least 1.2 vvm in total. The invention further provides a system for producing methane comprising at least one device for generating electric energy from a renewable and / or non-renewable energy source, at least one device for producing hydrogen and / or oxygen by the electrolysis of water and / or brine, and at least one bioreactor comprising a reaction vessel suitable for growing, fermenting and / or culturing methanogenic microorganisms and at least one device for providing a gas feed of hydrogen and carbon dioxide into the reaction vessel.

Disclosed are a facility and a method using the facility for treating a feed gas stream comprising at least methane and carbon dioxide by membrane permeation, the facility comprising: - a first membrane separation unit capable of receiving the feed gas stream and providing a first permeate and a first retentate, - a second membrane separation unit capable of receiving the first retentate and providing a second permeate and a second retentate, - a compressor for compressing the first permeate to a pressure of between 17 bar and 25 bar, - a means for cooling the first compressed permeate to a temperature lower than -40°C, - a distillation column for separating the first cooled permeate into a gas stream and a liquid stream, - at least one means for recycling the gas stream exiting the distillation column to the inlet of the first membrane separation unit, - a means for measuring the concentration of methane and / or carbon dioxide in the gas stream exiting the distillation column, - a means for comparing the concentration of methane and / or carbon dioxide measured by the measurement means with a target value, and - a means for adjusting the pressure and / or the temperature of the first permeate depending on the comparison carried out by the comparison means.

Provided herein are methods of recovering oil from microorganisms. The methods are useful, for example, in obtaining nutritional oils and / or lipid biofuels. The methods of recovering oil described herein include contacting a population of microorganisms with one or more enzymes under conditions that cause disruption of the microorganisms, concentrating the disrupted microorganisms, and extracting lipids from the disrupted microorganisms at high temperature in the presence of a salt and in the absence of solvent.

This invention provides a method for producing medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) from straw based on DES additives, belonging to the field of MFA extraction technology. This method uses DES with choline chloride as the hydrogen bond acceptor to treat agricultural waste straw, improving the utilization rate of agricultural waste and promoting the anaerobic fermentation process for MFA production. Pretreatment before anaerobic fermentation and the thermal shock effect during anaerobic fermentation improve the depolymerization of straw, inhibit methanogenic bacteria in mesophilic anaerobic fermentation, suppress methane production during continuous anaerobic fermentation, and ensure maximum utilization of straw for MFA production. This method solves the problems of methanogenesis tendency, incomplete substrate utilization, insufficient electron donors during acid production, and low fermentation efficiency in the anaerobic fermentation of straw for MFA production.

A carbon dioxide-neutral biodigester plant includes a biodigester for carbon dioxide-neutral, single-stage or multi-stage production of biogas by fermentation of biomass in a fermentation liquid agitated in presence of elemental hydrogen, hydrogenotrophic and methanogenic archaea, and activated carbon masses, a source of ammonia connected to a first ammonia line, an ammonia cracker to produce hydrogen or a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture by catalytic cracking of ammonia, a first hydrogen line for feeding the produced hydrogen or the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture directly into the biodigester, and a treating device for treating activated coal masses with hydrogen at higher pressure. The treating device includes a pressure line and a treating spray lance. Hydrogen-containing activated coal masses configured as spray cones are injected into the fermentation liquid of the biodigester.

A system comprising a collocated thermal plant, water source, CO2 source and biomass growth module is disclosed. A method of improving the environment by utilizing the system is disclosed.

Provided herein are methods of recovering oil from microorganisms. The methods are useful, for example, in obtaining nutritional oils and / or lipid biofuels. The methods of recovering oil described herein include contacting a population of microorganisms with one or more enzymes under conditions that cause disruption of the microorganisms, concentrating the disrupted microorganisms, and extracting lipids from the disrupted microorganisms at high temperature in the presence of a salt and in the absence of solvent.

This invention is a bioreactor device adapted to improve air quality. The bioreactor consists of a base that houses the mechanical components and a vessel that holds liquid mixture of water, a photosynthetic microorganism, and a media. The bioreactor has an air pump which draws room air into the base of the device through an air filter. The bioreactor bubbles the air through the liquid mixture. Photosynthesis converts the carbon dioxide to oxygen.