261results about "Electrogenerative processes" patented technology

Provided are aligned carbon nanotubes for a fuel cell having a large surface area, a nanocomposite that includes the aligned carbon nanotubes loaded with highly dispersed nanoparticles of a metallic catalyst, methods of producing the carbon nanotubes and the nanocomposite, and a fuel cell including the nanocomposite. In the nanocomposite, nanoparticles of the metallic catalyst are uniformly distributed on external walls of the nanotubes. A fuel cell including the nanocomposite exhibits better performance.

A method of processing a workpiece in a plasma reactor having an electrostatic chuck for holding a workpiece in a chamber of the reactor includes providing a thermally conductive gas under pressure between a backside of the workpiece and a top surface of the electrostatic chuck, controlling the temperature of the electrostatic chuck, defining a desired workpiece temperature, measuring a current workpiece temperature or temperature related to the workpiece temperature and inputting the measured temperature to a thermal model representative of the electrostatic chuck. The method further includes determining from the thermal model a change in the pressure of the thermally conductive gas that would at least reduce the difference between the measured temperature and the desired temperature, and changing the pressure of the thermally conductive gas in accordance with the change determined from the thermal model.

An electro-galvanic hydrogen generator system that has two or more anode materials; a cathode material; and an electrolyte. The electrolyte comprises a metal hydride, at least one stabilizing agent, and a solvent. Hydrogen gas is generated whenever an anode material and the cathode material are electrically connected, and the different anode materials can be used separately or in combination to control the quantity and rate of hydrogen generation. An insulating shield may be used to catch reaction debris from the anodes. A removable inert layer may cover the electrodes. The use of cell pressure may regulate the rate of hydrogen generation. The hydrogen generator may have a separate catalyst chamber, and the hydrogen generator may also function as a battery.

Microwave assisted synthesis may be used to produce water-repellent metallic organic frameworks (MOFs) molecules. The water-repellent MOFs contain non-polar functional groups, such as a trifluoromethoxy group, which has a strong water repellent effect. The water-repellent MOF, when exposed to water vapor for one week does not result in a significant X-ray power pattern change. The water-repellent MOFs may be suitable as an adsorbent in many industrial applications, such as gas chromatography.

A system and method are disclosed comprising coupling a compression ignition engine (17) to an AC electrical generator (18) and/or a DC hompolar generator (19), wherein the homopolar generator (19) produces an electric current which is used to electrolyse water into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen from the water electrolysis process may be used as a renewable fuel, either in the form of a gaseous fuel or a reactant in a fuel cell. The oxygen from the water electrolysis unit (23) may be used to produce an oxygen enriched combustion atmosphere in the engine (17). The oxygen may optionally be used as a reactant, along with the hydrogen, in a fuel cell.

A hydrogen energy system comprising galvanic hydrogen generators and hydrogen input manifolds for vehicle engines. The galvanic hydrogen generators generate hydrogen gas, magnesium hydroxide, and heat by the galvanic reaction of magnesium anodes with steel cathodes in salt water. Heat exchangers channel excess heat to a heat sink such as a thermocouple, Stirling engine, hot water system, etc. The hydrogen input manifold is bolted between the engine block and the air intake manifold of a gasoline or diesel engine. Hydrogen gas is injected into the hydrogen input manifold to provide supplementary fuel to the engine, lowering the amount of petroleum that is used.

The invention relates to a process for gas phase electrochemical oxidation of H2S to sulfur and water or steam using an electrolysis cell having an anode chamber on one side of a solid proton conducting membrane and a cathode chamber on the other side of the membrane. The process comprises the steps of passing H2S-containing gas through the anode chamber to contact a catalytic anode, where it reacts to produce elemental sulfur, protons and electrons. The protons pass through the membrane from the anode chamber to the cathode chamber. An oxygen-containing gas is passed through the cathode chamber to contact the catalytic cathode, where it reacts with protons and electrons to produce water or steam. During the process, both the anode chamber and cathode chamber are maintained at a temperature of at least 120° C. and an elevated pressure sufficient to keep the membrane moist. Sulfur is obtained in liquid or vapor form and is removed from the anode chamber while water or steam is removed from the cathode chamber. An electric current can be withdrawn from the anode and cathode. The cell can also be operated in the electrolysis mode to produce sulfur and hydrogen.

The present invention provides a cooling medium flow path for improving cooling efficiency of a cooling medium used for liquid-cooling systems for motors, radiators and the like. The cooling medium flow path according to the present invention is capable of increasing cooling efficiency of a cooling medium by providing magnetic members for generating a magnetic force in a direction substantially perpendicular to the flow direction of the cooling medium so that clusters of a liquid, such as cooling water, antifreeze liquid or the like flowing through the flow path may be finely divided or activated.

<heading lvl="0">Abstract of Disclosure</heading> An electrochemical affinity assay system for detection of ligand-ligand receptor binding.

An apparatus for retaining magnetic particles within a segment of a flow-through cell during flow of a fluid through the cell comprises (a) optionally, an electrical current source; (b) an electromagnet having a winding connected to the current source and an air gap between at least one pair of poles each of which has a corrugated outer surface and (c) a flow-through cell which is configured and dimensioned to receive an amount of magnetic particles to be retained within the flow-through cell and to allow flow of a liquid through the flow-through cell. The liquid carries molecules or particles to be captured by means of the magnetic particles. A portion of the flow-through cell is inserted in air gap.

To measure or exert optically-induced forces on at least one particle in the focus of an optical cage, the following steps are taken:

• • a) the focus is positioned in a microelectrode arrangement with a three-dimensional electrical field that has a field gradient which forms an electrical capture area, and the focus is at a distance from the capture are and
  • b) the amplitude of the electrical field, the light power of the light beam forming the optical cage, and/or the distance of the capture area from the focus are varied to detect which varied field property moves the particle from the focus to the capture area or vice versa, or at least to temporarily move the particle into the capture area.

Disclosed herein is an electrochemical method for producing and storing hydrogen, which is a closed system consisting of a gas-generating electrode, an electrolyte and a zinc electrode, the gas-generating electrode and zinc electrode are connected respectively to the external circuits; characterized in that switching on the external circuit of the gas-generating electrode and zinc electrode the hydrogen is to be released, the reduction reaction of water occurs on the gas-generating electrode producing hydrogen; zinc is oxidized on the zinc electrode generating the oxidation products of zinc; when the hydrogen is to be stored, supplementary water is supplied to the closed system, the negative pole of power source is connected to the external circuit of the zinc electrode, and the positive pole of power source is connected to the external circuit of the gas-generating electrode, switching on the direct current, the reduction reaction of zinc occurs on the zinc electrode, the oxidation products of zinc are reduced into zinc, renew the zinc electrode, the oxidation reaction of water occurs on the gas-generating electrode, the oxygen is generated and discharged. A simple and convenient process and widely applied are property of the present invention. It suits to provide hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cells. While providing the hydrogen, it can also generate electricity as secondary product, which generates the electricity together with a fuel cell.

A plasma generation chamber of a plasma processing apparatus is closed by a top plate 3. The top plate 3 has recesses 3A on its surface facing the plasma generation chamber and a central recess 3B on an opposite surface. The top plate 3 is coupled to an antenna thereon. If a microwave is supplied to the antenna, the microwave is radiated through slots of the antenna. The microwave is propagated through the top plate 3 such that the microwave has a plane of polarization and the microwave forms a circularly polarized wave as a whole. Here, resonance absorption of the microwave occurs at a side surface of recesses 3A and the microwave is propagated within the recesses 3A in a single mode. Strong plasma can be generated within each of the recesses 3A, so that a stable plasma mode can be generated in the top plate 3.

A method for simultaneous co-generation of electric energy and hydrogen by totally electrochemical means which includes an electricity storage phase by electrolysis of an electrolysable metal solution and formation of a hydrogen-electrolysable metal battery cell and, an electricity recovery and hydrogen generation phase by operation of said battery cell. The electrolysable metal is chosen from zinc, nickel and manganese.

The present invention attempts to establish a method for surface-fixing single-walled carbon nanotubes having a desired chirality highly selected from among the single-walled carbon nanotubes having various chiralities, and utilizes the method to provide an array of the carbon nanotubes for electronic devices. The present invention attempts also to provide a carbon nanotube composition including carbon nanotubes having a single chiral vector (n, m) at a purity of more than 50% based on the unit of number wherein n and m are integers, and a method for manufacturing the same.

A continuous coal electrolytic cell for the production of pure hydrogen without the need of separated purification units Electrodes comprising electrocatalysts comprising noble metals electrodeposited on carbon substrates are also provided. Also provided are methods of using the electrocatalysts provided herein for the electrolysis of coal in acidic medium, as well as electrolytic cells for the production of hydrogen from coal slurries in acidic media employing the electrodes described herein. Further provided are catalytic additives for the electro-oxidation of coal. Additionally provided is an electrochemical treatment process where iron-contaminated effluents are purified in the presence of coal slurries using the developed catalyst.

The present invention springs from the discovery that mild acids could be utilized to shear undesired metals away from desired precious metals that have been plated onto circuit board runners or contacts. This shearing action occurs at a high rate when metal scrap segments are immersed in mild acid and excited by application of an electromagnetic field at specific frequencies and power levels. These frequencies and power levels are based on the end metal desired and the metals contained in the scrap and the acid utilized. When mild acid saturated with copper sulfate and loaded with scrap metals is subjected to an electromagnetic field at the appropriate frequency and power levels copper and nickel molecules are sheared rapidly and absorbed into solution, leaving only the desired metal, such as gold, in a 99.5% pure flake which can be skimmed off the surface of the solution or filtered from the solution. The captured metal flake is then rinsed in water and denatured alcohol, compressed, melted and poured into bars or nuggets for further use or sale.

A method of an embodiment of the present of the present application is for producing a nano-scale low dimensional quantum structure. The method includes: bringing a catalyst on a substrate into contact with vaporized carbon source, and emitting an electromagnetic wave to the catalyst so as to form single-walled carbon nano-tubes on the catalyst. As a result, it is possible to form the nano-scale low-dimensional quantum structure on a target area.