The invention provides a turning, grinding and polishing all-in-one machine device for a rubber roller. By the adoption of the turning, grinding and polishing all-in-one machine device for the rubber roller, turning, grinding through a grinding wheel and polishing through an abrasive belt can be achieved at the same time. According to the turning, grinding and polishing all-in-one machine device for the rubber roller, a turning machine, a grinding machine and a polishing device for the rubber roller are highly integrated, and new functions are additionally achieved based on the grinding machine special for the rubber roller. A power machine head used for making a workpiece rotate is installed at one end of a machine body, and a machine tail is installed at the other end of the machine body; a spindle is arranged on the machine head; one end of the spindle is connected with a chuck, and the other end of the spindle is connected with a power device; a center used for fixing the workpiece is arranged on the machine tail, and the spindle of the machine head and the center of the machine tail are located on the same center line; a measurement device is installed on the upper surface of the machine body; and an annular abrasive belt driving and tensioning device is installed on a workbench. A whole annular abrasive belt can rotate around the axis of a driving wheel, so that the contact angle between the abrasive belt and the workpiece is changed, and accordingly the position, making contact with the workpiece, of the abrasive belt is changed, and different machining requirements are met.