The invention discloses a nanometer fluid self-dispersion device, which comprises a shell provided with an inlet and an outlet, and an impeller, a first revolving shaft, a first gear, a second gear, a second revolving shaft, a cutting blade, a sieving chamber and a mixing chamber which are positioned inside the shell. According to the self-dispersion device, agglomerated nanoparticles enter a cutting chamber under the sieving action of a sieve plate, and self-dispersion is performed by using the cutting movement provided by pressure difference, so that nanometer fluid has a self-dispersion function. The invention further discloses a lithium bromide absorption refrigeration circulating system, which comprises a condenser, a generator, an evaporator, an absorber, a heat exchanger, a U-shaped throttling tube, an anti-crystalizing tube, a generator pump, an absorber pump, the self-dispersion device, an evaporator pump, a vacuumizing device, a solution three-way valve, a high-pressure cylinder and a low-pressure cylinder. According to the lithium bromide absorption refrigeration circulating system, the absorber pump or the generator pump is used for driving the self-dispersion device to run, so that the stability and reliability of the lithium bromide absorption refrigeration circulating system are improved.