The invention discloses a high-power cylindrical lithium ion battery. The high-power cylindrical lithium ion battery comprises a shell and a winding core pole group, wherein the winding core pole group is accommodated in the shell and is formed by winding positive pole plates, negative pole plates and separators, at least two positive tabs are arranged on the positive pole plates, at least two negative tabs are arranged on the negative pole plates, the positive tabs and the negative tabs are respectively exposed out of two ends of the winding core pole group, the numbers of the positive tabs and the negative tabs are equal, the positive pole plates and the negative pole plates are arranged at equal distance in a staggered way when the positive pole plates and the negative pole plates are in unfolded states, and one of the positive tab is arranged at a winding end of the positive pole plate in the unfolded state. The positive tabs and the negative tabs are arranged in the staggered way,the distance between the positive pole plates and the negative pole plates is shortened, so that current distribution of the positive pole plates and the negative pole plates is uniform, the impedance is greatly reduced, the battery is difficult to generate heat under high power, the large-power discharging performance of the battery is improved, the battery is low in impedance, good in discharging performance, long in service lifetime and high in safety.