The invention provides a kit and a detection method for detecting protein expression of peripheral blood circulating tumor cells AR-V7 of a prostate cancer patient and. The kit comprises a diluent, adecolorizing solution, a staining solution A, a staining solution B, a mouse anti-human AR-V7 primary antibody, a horse radish peroxidase labeled goat anti-mouse secondary antibody, 0.1% Triton X-100,0.3% H2O2 and a reagent A, according to the detection method, a membrane filtration device is used for separation to obtain peripheral blood circulating tumor cells CTC, and an immunohistochemical technology is used for detecting the AR-V7 expression condition of the peripheral blood CTC. By utilizing the detection method provided by the invention, the AR-V7 expression condition of a patient withadvanced or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma can be detected without acquiring a tissue specimen through needle biopsy, and real-time dynamic detection can be realized by utilizing a minimally invasive technology; by adopting the separation device and the diluent, the circulating tumor cells are well separated, the interference of blood cells is avoided, the false positive result caused by theedge effect possibly generated in the dyeing process is avoided, the stability is good, the cell loss is reduced, and the detection accuracy is improved.