The invention provides an old foundation treatment construction method for an underground diaphragm wall. The method comprises the following steps that S1, a guide wall groove is excavated; S2, a guide wall is constructed, wherein after the guide wall groove is excavated and an old foundation is ascertained, the excavation width of the guide wall groove is expanded according to the position of the old foundation, then a groove bottom cushion layer and guide wall steel bars are subjected to binding construction, the guide wall steel bars are bound according to the expansion of the groove, and after that, single-side formwork erection and guide wall concrete pouring construction are conducted; S3, old foundation impact treatment is conducted, wherein after the guide wall maintenance reaches the age, the old foundation in a groove section is subjected to impact crushing; S4, grooving construction is performed, wherein grooving construction is conducted after old foundation impact treatment is completed; S5, reinforcing meshes are manufactured and installed; and S6, the groove section is poured. According to the method, the material waste in the construction process and the later bulge treatment difficulty are reduced at the same time, the diaphragm wall construction quality is guaranteed, and the economic, quality and safety benefits of implementation and application are remarkable.