The invention discloses an equipment system for synthesizing a high-purity rare earth carbonate precipitator, which is characterized by comprising a carbon dioxide absorber, a gas supply pipeline for introducing carbon dioxide and an ammonia pipeline for introducing ammonia water or liquid ammonia are respectively arranged on the carbon dioxide absorber; the tail gas purification tower is provided with a pure water pipeline for introducing pure water, the pure water is sprayed and injected into the tail gas purification tower, the tail gas purification tower is provided with a circulating pipeline for liquid circulation of the tail gas purification tower, the circulating pipeline is provided with a circulating branch, and the circulating branch is communicated with an ammonia pipeline on the carbon dioxide absorber; the solution buffer tank is communicated with the carbon dioxide absorber through a solution pipeline, so that a solution in the carbon dioxide absorber is discharged into the solution buffer tank; the system optimizes the synthesis path of the high-purity ammonium carbonate solution, so that the synthesized high-purity ammonium carbonate solution has the characteristics of higher purity, small environmental pollution, high raw material utilization rate, low system failure rate and the like, and meets the environmental protection requirement.