107 results about "Thermal equilibrium state" patented technology

A light pulse source (100), being adapted for generating repetitive optical pulses, comprises a continuous wave (cw) laser (10) being arranged for providing cw laser light, an optical microresonator (20) being made of a resonator material, which has a third order (Kerr) nonlinearity and an anomalous resonator dispersion, wherein the cw laser (10) is arranged for coupling the cw laser light into the optical microresonator (20), which, at a predetermined relative detuning of the cw laser (10) and the optical microresonator (20), is capable of including a light field in a soliton state, wherein soliton shaped pulses can be coupled out of the optical microresonator (20) for providing the repetitive optical pulses, and a tuning device (30) being arranged for creating and maintaining the predetermined relative detuning of the cw laser (10) and the optical microresonator (20) based on a tuning time profile being selected in dependency on a thermal time constant of the optical microresonator (20) such that the soliton state is achieved in a thermal equilibrium state of the optical microresonator (20). Furthermore, a method of generating repetitive optical pulses is described based on soliton shaped pulses coupled out of an optical microresonator (20) is described.

The invention discloses a method for measuring the integral light decay property of an LED (light emitting diode) lamp. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting an LED lamp bead in the LED lamp as a to-be-tested device, secondly, putting the LED lamp into an incubator, disconnecting a circuit line between a driving power output and an LED array, connecting an ammeter in the circuit in series, and connecting a voltmeter to two sides of the to-be-tested device, thirdly, stabilizing the testing temperature in the incubator, taking the testing temperature as initial temperature T1, fourthly, turning on the LED lamp, and recording working voltage V1 and series current I1, fifthly, recording working voltage V2 and series current I2 at a stable thermal equilibrium state, sixthly, obtaining forward voltage difference Delta Vf, which is equal to V2 minus V1, seventhly, obtaining junction temperature difference Delta t, which is equal to Delta Vf / K, eighthly, obtaining junction temperature value T2, which is equal to T1 plus Delta t, and ninthly, looking up the light decay curve of an LED device, taking a cross axis reading in a position where a corresponding T2 decline curve and 70 percent of a normal axis are intersected as the service life of LED and also as the service life of the LED lamp at 70 percent of light decay.

The invention discloses a heat loss testing method of a thermodynamic comprehensive testing device. The heat loss testing method comprises the following steps: a, determining a heat loss testing working condition; b, establishing the heat loss testing working condition; c, blocking a cold source of a two-circuit system, a residual heat discharging system and a cold source simulation system; d, carrying out a heat loss test; and e, judging a heat balance state. The heat loss testing method disclosed by the invention is simple and reliable; heat loss power of the thermodynamic comprehensive testing device is the sum of powers of heat sources of a main heat source simulator and a secondary heat source simulator under a heat balance state. The heat loss testing method disclosed by the invention does not depend on low- speed flow speed measurement accuracy, does not have high requirements on temperature measurement accuracy and does not need to carry out complicated data processing; and no accumulated errors exist and the high-accuracy and high-reliability heat loss testing power can be obtained.

The present invention relates to the technical field of measurement of thermal physical parameters of a material, in particular to a method and a device for measuring total hemispherical emissivity of a non-metallic material. The measurement method comprises the following steps: selecting a center area in the middle section of a multi-section combined and cylindrical sleeve-shaped sample to be tested as a target analysis area in a vacuum environment; embedding a powered heating module into the sample to be tested in a penetrating way; and calculating the total hemispherical emissivity throughmeasuring the geometric dimensions of the middle section of the sample to be tested, the geometric dimensions of the target analysis area, the internal temperature of the vacuum environment in a thermal equilibrium state, and the surface temperature and the heat power of the middle section of the sample to be tested and the target analysis area. Since the heating module is embedded in the cylindrical sleeve-shaped sample to be tested, the demands are satisfied for measurement of the total hemispherical emissivity of the non-metallic material at high temperature, and the present invention has the advantages that the measurement device has a simple structure and high-precision measurement data can be obtained.

The invention relates to an air conditioning control system on the basis of skin temperatures of human bodies. The air conditioning control system comprises an infrared temperature measurer, a rotary base, a retractable and foldable support, an infrared temperature measurer direction controller, an air conditioning wind speed and temperature controller, a rubber washer and a hose. The infrared temperature measurer direction controller is respectively connected with the infrared temperature measurer, the base and the air conditioning wind speed and temperature controller, the infrared temperature measurer is mounted on the base, the support is fixed onto the wall above a bedside or is mounted on a desktop of an office desk, the rubber washer is mounted between the base and the support, and the air conditioning wind speed and temperature controller is respectively connected with the infrared temperature measurer, the infrared temperature measurer direction controller and a room air conditioner or personalized air conditioner. The air conditioning control system has the advantages that physiological thermal equilibrium states of the human bodies are measured, running parameters of the air conditioner are controlled according to actual needs of the human bodies, the thermal comfort and the sleep quality of the human bodies are improved beneficially, and the health of the human bodies is enhanced.

The invention discloses a heat-conducting property steady-state test method for sheet test samples. A sheet sample is locally heated to a thermal equilibrium state, and then, the heat conductivity coefficient is calculated according to the integral of temperature gradient on a heat transfer section. The method has the characteristics that heat flow uniformity is not required, small areas of sheetsamples can be tested, the surface heat loss power is lower, and effects of surface heat dissipation on the test accuracy of heat conductivity coefficient are reduced. Meanwhile, the apparent heat conductivity coefficient of sheets in a small range is represented with the method, so that quantitative evaluation of spatial distribution of the heat conductivity coefficients of non-uniform sheets canbe obtained by changing test areas. On the basis of the same idea, the method can be applicable to sheet materials with heat conducting anisotropy after being slightly modified.

An electronic salt meter including a sensor rod, salt meter body and receiving components to measure a temperature and salinity. The electronic salt meter includes a first and sensor electrode and a temperature sensor to detect a temperature of the measurement object. A measurement monitoring unit detects whether the first and second sensor electrodes are electrically connected to each other. A salinity measurement unit applies an AC power to the first and second sensor electrodes to measure salinity of the measurement object. A temperature measurement unit applies a power to the temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the measurement object. A thermal equilibrium detection unit stores the temperature value previously measured, and when the temperature variation is less than a predetermined threshold, it is determined as a thermal equilibrium state. A room-temperature salinity conversion unit converts the salinity value into a salinity value at room temperature.

The present invention discloses a microcavity thermal effect compensation method in a Kerr optical frequency comb soliton mode locking process. Auxiliary laser is introduced into an optical microcavity and is employed to perform heating makeup of thermal effect in the soliton mode locking process to keep the thermal equilibrium state of the optical microcavity in the soliton mode locking process and perform certainty realization of the soliton mode locking in the optical microcavity each time so as to greatly simplify the soliton mode locking process in the optical microcavity and avoid the problems of the current Kerr optical frequency comb soliton mode locking process is high in randomness, bad in reliability and liable to disturbance, etc; and moreover, the optical power of the Kerr optical frequency comb is monitored to feed back and control the wavelength of the auxiliary laser, the soliton mode locking state can be stably existed for a long time, and when the soliton mode locking state is lost caused by external interference, the soliton mode locking state can be automatically recovered through control of the auxiliary laser so as to greatly improve the stability of the soliton mode locking state in the optical microcavity.

The invention discloses a method and a device for assessment of an engine cooling system and an excavator with the device. The method includes receiving data about temperature of cooling air before and after the cooling air flows through a radiator and radiating efficiency of the radiator, calculating a heat-balance saturation temperature according to the received data, judging whether the cooling system is available or not according to the heat-balance saturation temperature and an engine allowable temperature, and determining the temperature of coolant before the coolant flows through the radiator as the heat-balance saturation temperature in a heat balance state. Since whether the cooling system is available or unavailable is judged according to the calculated heat-balance saturation temperature, performance assessment of the cooling system is achieved before design of the cooling system; design parameter of the cooling system can be adjusted when the cooling result is judged to be unavailable so that useless detailed design can be avoided and people can choose the suitable cooling system to achieve better cooling effect.

The invention provides a cable conductor temperature measuring device. The cable conductor temperature measuring device includes a thermal resistance part in which the outer surface of a cable is wrapped. An inner-layer temperature sensor making contact with the outer surface of the cable is arranged on the inner surface of the thermal resistance part. An outer-layer temperature sensor is arranged on the outer surface of the thermal resistance part. The inner-layer temperature sensor and the outer-layer temperature sensor are located on the same radial straight line of the cable. In the cable conductor temperature measuring device, cable conductors generate heat, dissipate heat towards the outer side through an insulating sheath and tend to a thermal balance state; corresponding temperature gradients are formed in the thermal resistance part and the insulating sheath according to distribution of thermal resistance, afterwards, a temperature gradient value of the thermal resistance part is obtained through a measured value of the inner-layer temperature sensor and a measured value of the outer-layer temperature sensor, and the temperature of the cable conductors is figured out through a cable thermal balance mathematical model; accordingly, the measuring accuracy of the temperature of the cable is improved, and safe operation of the cable is guaranteed.

The invention discloses a method for diagnosing non-thermal equilibrium physical characteristics of arc discharge. According to the method, an arc photograph taken by a camera is used, then an arc region of the photograph is selected, and R, G and B chromaticity information and gray scale information in the image are directly analyzed and calculated. By directly comparing DC corona and four aspects of chromaticity distribution in an arc discharge space, the chromaticity distribution of discharge arcs of different materials, the chromaticity distribution of three phases of an AC arc and the chromaticity distribution of an arc under different currents, the physical characteristics including the spatial distribution radiation characteristics of an arc, a difference in electrode materials, thecontainment of residual current or not and the change of a temperature at a thermal equilibrium position with a current change are judged. According to the method, the assumption of the thermal equilibrium state of an entire arc column region is not needed, and thus the non-thermal equilibrium characteristics of spatial distribution can be analyzed and calculated and are used as the diagnosis ofthe arc.

The invention discloses an internal and external thermal resistance estimation method for a lithium battery, comprising the steps of: setting different environmental temperature gradients, wherein thelithium battery adopts different discharge rates for constant current discharge under each temperature gradient; recording the discharge currents, the internal temperatures of the battery and the surface temperatures of the battery when the lithium battery is in the thermal equilibrium at each temperature; and establishing a three-dimensional relational surface map of the discharge current, the environmental temperature and the internal temperature, that is, the heat balance surface, and combining the temperature difference between the inside and the outside and the temperature difference between the surface and the environment to accurately determine the internal and external thermal resistance. According to the internal and external thermal resistance estimation method for the lithium battery, the main factors affecting the internal and external thermal resistance of the lithium battery are fully analyzed, and the experiments are designed by controlling variables. By constructing athree-dimensional heat balance surface, it is easy to clarify the change of internal and external thermal resistance with various factors.

A body temperature measuring device includes a temperature detector including a first thermal resistor and a first pair of temperature sensors that sandwich the thermal resistor and continuously detect temperature data, and a second thermal resistor and a second pair of temperature sensors that sandwich the second thermal resistor and continuously detect temperature data. Moreover, an equilibrium state determination component determines whether the temperature detector is thermally in an equilibrium state based on detected temperature data, and a body temperature acquisition component acquires body temperature data based on temperature data detected when the temperature detector is in a thermal equilibrium state and a physical property value of the thermal resistors.

The invention provides a calibration and detection method of a thermometer. The method comprises the following steps: 1, recording the measured values of the calibrated thermometer and a standard thermometer at the same time under constant temperature, recording data respectively, and drawing the diagrams of the measured data of the calibrated thermometer and the standard thermometer according to the recorded data respectively; 2, selecting a valid data area; 3, calculating the average value by selecting characteristic points in the valid data area; and 4, calculating the temperature coefficient of the calibrated thermometer according to the average value. The calibration and detection method of the thermometer eliminates the measurement error due to the fact that the standard thermometer and the calibrated thermometer have different responses to the fluctuation of the temperature field and the thermal equilibrium state, and improves the calibration accuracy.

A method and apparatus for improving image quality in a reflector-type telescope are provided, through utilization of one or more nozzles disposed about the periphery of a reflecting mirror of the telescope, for directing a flow of air from a backside of the mirror across a concave reflecting surface of the mirror, to thereby sweep away and / or preclude formation of image distorting thermal boundary layers, or other impediments to image quality, resulting from the mirror not being in thermal equilibrium with ambient air surrounding the mirror. Supply nozzles are provided around a portion of the periphery of the mirror, and exhaust pick-up nozzles are provided around another portion of the periphery of the mirror, to thereby cause a flow of air to closely adhere to the concave surface of the mirror.

The invention relates to an LED chip junction temperature testing method, and the method is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: (1) modeling: an LED chip is driven by a drive current to collect voltage values of the drive current under the temperatures of 25 DEG C, 40 DEG C, 60 DEG C, 80 DEG C, 10 DEG C and 120 DEG C; (2) modeling calculation: obtaining a linear function fitting function y=ax+b according to the temperature obtained at step (1) and the corresponding voltage values, wherein x is x-coordinate and represents the environment temperature, y is y-coordinate and represents a voltage difference, a is slope, and b is intercept; (3) actual measurement: driving the LED chip to be in a state of thermal equilibrium through employing the driving current, and obtaining a voltage value at the state of thermal equilibrium; (4) junction temperature calculation: obtaining a thermal equilibrium voltage and a normal temperature modeling voltage difference delta Vf, and obtaining the junction temperature of the LED chip according to a junction temperature calculation formula Tj=(delta Vf-b) / a. The drive current employs an aging current of a corresponding LED chip. The method can obtain accurate junction temperature of the LED chip, and is lower in testing equipment cost.

The invention relates to a thermostat fault diagnosis method. The thermostat fault diagnosis method comprises the steps that the current environment temperature and the boundary temperature and initial starting temperature corresponding to the current environment temperature are obtained; engine heat balance state data determined based on cooling liquid temperature change data in an engine are obtained; the current cooling liquid temperature is obtained; and according to the relationship between the engine heat balance state data and current cooling liquid temperature and the boundary temperature and initial starting temperature, whether a thermostat has faults or not is judged. By means of the above method, whether the thermostat has the faults or not can be judged without building a water temperature model, the judgment result is accurate, needs of a large amount of standardization work is avoided, and manpower and resource cost can be reduced. In addition, a device, computer equipment and a storage medium are further included.

The invention relates to a temperature control method for an azimuth-holding instrument in a navigation system of a land vehicle, in particular to a three-stage temperature control method for an azimuth-holding instrument. With the three-stage temperature control method, the process that a gyro as a core part of the azimuth-holding instrument reaches a heat balance state after being started can be shortened so that an inertial navigation system rapidly enters a stable working state.

The invention discloses an over-temperature protection system and an over-temperature protection method for a driving motor and a controller of an electric vehicle, wherein the over-temperature protection system for the driving motor and the controller of the electric vehicle comprises the driving motor, an MCU controller and an electronic throttle, wherein a control unit and an inverter circuit unit are arranged in the MCU controller, the inverter circuit unit comprises an inverter bridge composed of MOS tubes, the electronic throttle is electrically connected with the signal output end of the MCU controller, temperature sensors are respectively arranged on a stator coil of the driving motor, a heat dissipation bottom plate of the MCU controller and the MOS tubes of the inverter circuit in the MCU controller, and the temperature sensors are electrically connected to the signal input end of the MCU controller. Under the premise of a fixed heat dissipation condition, the temperature sensor is used to collect and feedback the temperature to realize a control strategy of the output current. The driving motor is controlled to be automatically adjusted within a certain temperature threshold to enter a relative thermal equilibrium state.

A light pulse source (100), being adapted for generating repetitive optical pulses, comprises a continuous wave (cw) laser (10) being arranged for providing cw laser light, an optical microresonator (20) being made of a resonator material, which has a third order (Kerr) nonlinearity and an anomalous resonator dispersion, wherein the cw laser (10) is arranged for coupling the cw laser light into the optical microresonator (20), which, at a predetermined relative detuning of the cw laser (10) and the optical microresonator (20), is capable of including a light field in a soliton state, wherein soliton shaped pulses can be coupled out of the optical microresonator (20) for providing the repetitive optical pulses, and a tuning device (30) being arranged for creating and maintaining the predetermined relative detuning of the cw laser (10) and the optical microresonator (20) based on a tuning time profile being selected in dependency on a thermal time constant of the optical microresonator (20) such that the soliton state is achieved in a thermal equilibrium state of the optical microresonator (20). Furthermore, a method of generating repetitive optical pulses is described based on soliton shaped pulses coupled out of an optical microresonator (20) is described.

The invention relates to a method employing temperature compensation to stabilize LED lamp temperature. The method comprises steps that: (1), a driver realizes output to an LED module, heat generated by the LED module is transmitted to a wick board through a heat conduction material and then is radiated to the air through heat radiation sheets; (2), when an external heat radiation environment is serious, and temperature of the LED module reaches to setting temperature of a temperature compensation circuit, a temperature probe acquires feedback information, the temperature compensation circuit in the driver carries out real-time temperature compensation; and (3), when temperature is high, a temperature compensation system reduces an output current, temperature rising is limited and reduced, and when the temperature is reduced, the temperature compensation system improves the output current, so the LED module stays in a heat balance state in a safety temperature scope. The method employing temperature compensation to stabilize the LED lamp temperature is advantaged in that: temperature of a large power LED lamp is effectively stabilized; when temperature after rising or reduction exceeds the set control temperature, output of the driver can be improved or reduced; the LED lamp can realize constantly stable and reliable operation; service life and light emitting efficiency of the LED lamp are improved.

The invention discloses a temperature compensation LED lamp system of body type temperature sampling. The temperature compensation LED lamp system comprises an LED light source module and a temperature compensation circuit, wherein the LED light source module is composed of a set of LEDs, a temperature sensor is arranged in the LEDs, the LED light source module is an illuminant and also a temperature sampling device, the temperature sensor is connected with an LED driving power source to conduct current adjustment through the temperature compensation circuit, the output current is reduced by the temperature compensation circuit at the high temperature, when the temperature is reduced, the output current is increased by the temperature compensation circuit, and the LED light source module reaches the hot balance state in the safe temperature region. The temperature compensation LED lamp system has the advantages that the LED body is used as the temperature detecting technology, when the temperature of an LED lamp exceeds or is lower than the set control temperature, output of a driver can be increased or decreased, the phenomena that light failure and short service life, caused by the excessive heat, of an LED lamp are caused are avoided, and the LEDs stably and reliably work at the constant temperature from beginning to end.

The invention provides a structure of an LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamp. The LED lamp comprises a housing, a reflection lamp cup, a lens and a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) with an LED light source, and is characterized in that a PN node heat dissipation and conduction structure of the LED light source consists of the positive pole, the negative pole and the heat dissipation pole of the LED light source, a copper-clad foil of the PCB-the reflection lamp cup, a metal bracket (in case of a plurality of reflection lamp cups), an inner step of the lamp housing, and the lamp housing; a light projection structure of the LED lamp consists of the LED light source, the reflection lamp cup, a double-sided concave lens and a piece of transparent glass. As each LED light source is equipped with the reflection lamp cup of which the area and the volume are multiple times larger than those of the heat dissipation way of an aluminum substrate, the junction temperature energy on PN nodes of the LED light source can be instantly adsorbed, and the PN nodes are in the heat balance state below 120 DEG C; as the multi-fillet-shaped double-sided concave lenses perpendicular to one another are adopted, the light loss of the lenses is reduced, the light projection capability and transmitting capability of the lamp are improved, and the lamp has a better illuminating effect.

The invention discloses a thermal resistance analysis method. The method comprises the following steps: synchronously monitoring the heat source temperature and reference point temperature of a high-power device, and introducing a quasi-thermal balance state judgment method with stable heat source and reference point temperature difference, so that accurate analysis of the thermal resistance information in a customized area of the high-power device can be realized, the reference point position can be accurately customized, and the resolution rate of the thermal resistance structure is effectively improved. The thermal resistance analysis method can be widely applied to accurate measurement of thermal characteristic tests of various high-power devices and has the characteristics of high efficiency, rapidness, wide application range and the like.

A method of thin film epitaxial growth using atomic layer deposition is provided by introducing a first deposition precursor and a second deposition precursor into a chamber after a vent valve connected between the chamber and a vacuum pump is closed. The chamber is maintained in a thermal equilibrium state and a constant pressure as a result of keeping the first deposition precursor and the second deposition precursor inside the chamber thereby reducing deposition precursors consumption and achieving thin film epitaxial growth on the substrate.

The invention relates to an obtaining method of the automobile passenger compartment cooling rate. The method comprises the following steps that 1, a passenger compartment physical model is built; 2, a passenger compartment air conditioning entrance boundary condition is set; 3, heat flow field simulation is conducted, the temperature of initial time of simulation is recorded to be T[0], the temperature in a heat balance state is recorded to be T[n], and a time interval between the initial time of simulation and the time entering the heat balance state is recorded to be t; 4, the cooling rate v[T] is obtained, and the cooling rate v[T] is obtained according to the formula in the description. Compared with the prior art, the obtaining method of the automobile passenger compartment cooling rate has the advantages of being simple in method and more accurate in obtained cooling rate, and better practical value is achieved.

The invention discloses a method for measuring the content of powdery substantial elements based on dual pluses, characterized in that: a powdery sample is put on a transparent glass pallet, the two pulses are focused onto the bottom of the powder through the glass pallet, the first pulse generates plasmas at the bottom of the powder, the second pulse carries out subsequent heating on the generated plasmas, radiant light signals emitted by the plasmas pass through the glass pallet and are collected by a collecting lens arranged below the glass pallet, and the collected radiant light signals are transmitted to a spectrometer through optical fibers for analyzing. According to the invention, there in no need of further treatment of the powdery sample, thus the speed of on-line detection is raised; the measuring signal fluctuation caused by the unevenness of the powder layer surface is overcome, and the repeatability of the measurement is raised; in addition, the application of the dual pluses allows the plasmas to be more close to a local thermal equilibrium state, thus the raising of the measurement precision is benefited.