The invention relates to a method for acquiring the transient state temperature rise of a single circuit cable core without depending on the skin temperature. The method comprises the following steps: 1) acquiring the heat flow carrying capacity, the boundary temperature, the cable density, the specific heat harmonic heat conductivity coefficient of a cable, as well as the soil density, the soil specific heat and the soil heat transfer coefficient of soil related to the single circuit cable, to obtain a relation of the dissipated heat flow of the single circuit cable and the transient state temperature rise of the core; 2) respectively acquiring the parameters of a transient state temperature rise model, independent of the skin temperature, of the single circuit cable according to the relation of the dissipated heat flow and the transient state temperature rise of the core; 3) constructing the transient state temperature rise model, independent of the skin temperature, of the single circuit cable; 4) acquiring the environment temperature of the single circuit cable, and calculating the transient state temperature rise of the single circuit cable core. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of convenience in computation, simple principle, advanced method and the like.