The invention provides a rubber antiskid and abrasion-resistant shoe sole and a preparation method thereof. The rubber antiskid and abrasion-resistant shoe sole is prepared from, by weight, 20-30 parts of butadiene rubber, 40-55 parts of natural rubber, 1-2 parts of sulfur, 4.5-6.5 parts of nano-zinc oxide, 1-3 parts of stearic acid, 0.5-3 parts of vulcanization accelerator DM, 0.5-1.5 parts of nanometer silicon nitride, 40-50 parts of carbon black, 1-3 parts of antiager DNP, 6-10 parts of diethyl phthalate, 7-15 parts of modified benzoxazine resin, 5-15 parts of bicyclopentadiene dioxide epoxy resin, 5-10 parts of B205 ceramic sand, 3-8 parts of high-performance hollow glass beads and 7.5-12.5 parts of aramid fibers. The rubber antiskid and abrasion-resistant shoe sole is prepared through the steps of pre-mixing, mixing, cooling and vulcanizing. The formula and preparation method of shoe sole rubber are improved, the shoe sole rubber with the high anti-skid coefficient and abrasion resistance is obtained, the service life is prolonged, and the use comfort is improved.