The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine oral liquid for treating anemia, made from, by weight, 18-26 parts of Radix Astragali, 14-22 parts of Radix Rumicis Nepalensis, 10-15 parts of Flos Leonuri, 16-24 parts of Caulis Spatholobi, 11-17 parts of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, 9-16 parts of Herba Agrimoniae, 8-14 parts of Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata, 5-10 parts of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, 7-13 parts of Cordyceps, 13-21 parts of Flos Cucurbitae, 17-23 parts of Fructus Lycii, 16-24 parts of Folium Agastaches, 15-25 parts of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, 12-18 parts of Fructus Mori, 10-15 parts of Herba Ecliptae, 20-30 parts of Radix Paeoniae Alba, 17-28 parts of Fructus Jujubae, 14-22 parts of Rhizoma Polygonati, 13-19 parts of Radix Potentillae Anserinae, and 16-24 parts of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata. Discrimination composing is carried out by using essence boosting and marrow replenishing, qi benefiting and yin nourishing, and blood enriching and nourishing as therapeutic principles in allusion to the pathogenesis of anemia according to the differentiation theory in traditional Chinese medicine, such that treating both symptoms and root causes is achieved, the therapeutic effect is significant, acting speed is high, the treatment course is short, it is possible to effectively promote the blood-producing function of marrow and stimulate a blood-producing system to increase human erythrocyte and hemoglobin level, and the traditional Chinese medicine oral liquid is effective in treating and preventing anemia and has significant clinical application value.