The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating and preventing African swine fever. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from the following raw material medicines in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of gypsum, 50-70 parts of rhizoma phragmitis, 18-38 parts of radix rehmanniae recen, 30-50 parts of cornu bubali, 8-28 parts of coptis chinensis, 18-38 parts of fructus gardeniae, 10-30 parts of tree peony root bark, 20-40 parts of scutellaria baicalensis, 30-60 parts of radix puerariae, 10-30 parts of radix scrophulariae, 10-30 parts of rhizoma anemarrhenae, 10-30 parts of fructus forsythiae, 10-30 parts of platycodon grandiflorum, 1-20 parts of liquorice, 10-30 parts of lophatherum gracile, 10-30 parts of notopterygium roots, 10-30 parts of radixpaeoniae alba, 10-30 parts of angelica dahurica, 30-50 parts of radix bupleuri, 10-30 parts of red dates, 10-30 parts of dried ginger and 20-40 parts of red ochre. According to the traditional Chinese medicine composition, the medicines are matched to form a compatible form which gives consideration to both positive evil and negative evil and mainly dispels evil, so that the aims of clearing awayheat and toxic materials, tonifying spleen and drying dampness, promoting blood circulation and nourishing qi, and supporting healthy energy are achieved, and the composition is mainly used for prevention, combines prevention and control, and can achieve remarkable prevention and control treatment effects for African swine fever.