The invention relates to an intelligent 3D printing device with fine processing and protection functions. The device comprises a protection mechanism, a processing mechanism, a printing table, a sprayhead, an ascending and descending table, a transverse moving table and an ascending and descending mechanism, wherein the processing mechanism comprises a transverse moving assembly, a first oil cylinder, a first piston, a second oil cylinder, a second piston, an oil pipe, a first motor, a milling cutter and two support frames; the protection mechanism comprises a protection ring, a cover plate and two support assemblies; each support assembly comprises a second motor, a side plate and two telescopic assemblies; each telescopic assembly comprises a driving unit, a telescopic frame and two connecting rods. The intelligent 3D printing device with fine processing and production functions has the advantages that projected parts on the spray head single-layer printing surface are cut through the processing mechanism; the smoothness and flatness of the printing surface are ensured; the printing quality is improved; in addition, through the protection mechanism, the protection ring descends;the printing table and the ascending and descending table are shielded; the sputtering of fragments generated during the processing can be prevented; people around the equipment are protected; the practicability of the equipment is improved.