41results about How to "Hypoglycemic activity" patented technology

The invention discloses a rosa roxburghii polysaccharide, as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method mainly comprises raw material pretreatment, extraction, deproteinization, de-coloration, alcohol precipitation, as well as separation and purification, wherein the extraction is to mix pretreated rosa roxburghii dry powder and water in a mass volume ratio of (1to 15) to (1 to 35), and perform extraction at a temperature of 55 to 95 DEG C; perform centrifugal separation to obtain a rosa roxburghii polysaccharide extracting solution, and concentrate the rosaroxburghii polysaccharide extracting solution under reduced pressure to 1 / 3 to 1 / 6 of the original volume to obtain a concentrated solution of the rosa roxburghii polysaccharide. The rosa roxburghii polysaccharide prepared by the invention has the advantages of high purity and uniform molecular weight. Compared with the existing rosa roxburghii polysaccharide, as proved by in-vitro fermentation experiments, the rosa roxburghii polysaccharide disclosed by the invention can promote the generation of short-chain fatty acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, promote the growthof beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacterium, and can be taken as prebiotics. Meanwhile, the rosa roxburghii polysaccharide can inhibit the activity of alpha-glucosidase, and can be applied to healthy foods or medicines having auxiliary therapy effects on intestinal diseases and diabetes mellitus.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a polygalacturonic acid-based nano oral protein drug delivery system and application thereof. The system is prepared by adopting a W / O / W double emulsion method. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving polygalacturonic acid in a 4-6w / v% poloxamer 188 solution, and adding bovine insulin for dissolving, thereby obtaining an inner water phase; taking ethyl acetate as an oil phase, respectively taking 18-22w / v% poloxamer 188 solution, 18-22w / v% poloxamer 188 solution dissolved with chitosan and 18-22w / v% poloxamer 188 solution dissolved with chitosan and genipin as outer water phase solutions, and preparing to obtain different nano oral protein drug delivery systems. The nano oral protein drug delivery system disclosed by the invention is non-toxic, easy to degrade, high in delivery rate and high in absorption rate, and has high application prospects in the fields such as delivery research and application of oral protein drugs such as insulin, diabetes treatment, and vaccine administration.

The present invention proposes a blood-sugar-lowering effective part of Dendrobium bougainvillea. The effective part is dried and pulverized stems of Dendrobium bougainvillea, then refluxed with ethanol solution to extract, and suction-filtered the extract to obtain the total extract; the total extract is dissolved in water, successively Different solvents are used for extraction to obtain extracts of four extraction parts; finally, the extracts of each extraction part are concentrated and evaporated to dryness to obtain four polar parts. The effective hypoglycemic part: Part B was separated and purified to obtain compounds with unique structures, isoneeutinin and 26-O-neutigenin glucoside, which were found to be active ingredients by hypoglycemic tests. The present invention also proposes the application of the above effective parts and active ingredients. The extracts from various parts of the Dendrobium bougainvillea of ​​the invention can promote the consumption of glucose by insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Isonecinogenin and 26‑O‑Neutygenin glucoside restore insulin regulation of blood sugar by improving insulin resistance.

The invention discloses Undaria pinnatifida polysaccharides and applications of the Undaria pinnatifida polysaccharides in the preparation of alpha-glucosidase activity inhibition drugs. The characteristic molecular weights of the two polysaccharides Up-3 and Up-4 are 78-282 kDa and 41-314 kDa respectively; the Up-3 is mainly composed of glucuronic acid, mannose and fucose, and the Up-4 is mainlycomposed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid and fucose; and the IC50 values of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the Up-3 and Up-4 are 113.40 + / -3.02 [mu]g / mL and 50.53 + / -3.47 [mu]g / mL respectively, and the Up-3 and Up-4 have the effect of remarkably inhibiting blood glucose rise caused by oral maltose. Therefore, the sulfated polysaccharides Up-3 and Up-4 can reduce the postprandial blood sugar level by inhibiting the activity of alpha-glucosidase in intestinal tracts so as to achieve the effect of reducing blood sugar.

The invention discloses a rosa roxburghii polysaccharide, as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method mainly comprises raw material pretreatment, extraction, deproteinization, de-coloration, alcohol precipitation, as well as separation and purification, wherein the extraction is to mix pretreated rosa roxburghii dry powder and water in a mass volume ratio of (1to 15) to (1 to 35), and perform extraction at a temperature of 55 to 95 DEG C; perform centrifugal separation to obtain a rosa roxburghii polysaccharide extracting solution, and concentrate the rosaroxburghii polysaccharide extracting solution under reduced pressure to 1 / 3 to 1 / 6 of the original volume to obtain a concentrated solution of the rosa roxburghii polysaccharide. The rosa roxburghii polysaccharide prepared by the invention has the advantages of high purity and uniform molecular weight. Compared with the existing rosa roxburghii polysaccharide, as proved by in-vitro fermentation experiments, the rosa roxburghii polysaccharide disclosed by the invention can promote the generation of short-chain fatty acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, promote the growthof beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacterium, and can be taken as prebiotics. Meanwhile, the rosa roxburghii polysaccharide can inhibit the activity of alpha-glucosidase, and can be applied to healthy foods or medicines having auxiliary therapy effects on intestinal diseases and diabetes mellitus.

The invention discloses prunus serrulata leaf tea, a preparation method thereof and application thereof to treatment of diabetes. The method for preparing the tea from prunus serrulata leaves comprises the following steps: picking fresh leaves of prunus serrulata in March to May, cleaning the fresh leaves, and performing fixation, rolling and drying to prepare the finished product. On the basis of a conventional tea making technology, the method disclosed by the invention is simple; tea soup made by the tea is clear, smells fragrant and pleasant, is yellow green, keeps tea fragrance for a long time, is a novel tea beverage and has an effect of reducing blood sugar.

A preparation method of a pumpkin polysaccharide hydrogel composite with a hypoglycemic effect includes the steps of adding pumpkin polysaccharide powder into a dry reaction still, adding ethyl alcohol to be stirred at 25 DEG C, dissolving NaIO4 with weight accounting for 0.5-0.50 time of the weight of pumpkin polysaccharide in water to prepare a saturated solution, slowly adding the saturated solution into a reaction system for reaction in a light shielded state, adding ethylene glycol into the reaction system to be stirred, adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the reaction system to be stirred and then subjected to suction filtration, conducting dialysis for 72 hours through a dialysis bag with molecular weight cut-off of 3500, conducting drying for 12 hours at 50 DEG C to obtain oxidized pumpkin polysaccharide, weighing the oxidized pumpkin polysaccharide, dissolving the oxidized pumpkin polysaccharide in distilled water, weighing N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan with weight accounting for 2-4 times of the weight of the oxidized pumpkin polysaccharide, dissolving N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan in distilled water according to the weight volume ratio of 1:10, mixing the two solutions in equivalent volume, and standing for 10 minutes at room temperature to obtain pumpkin polysaccharide hydrogel with the hypoglycemic effect.

The invention discloses application and a preparation method of entagenic acid. Entagenic acid can be applied to preparation of medicines for preventing and treating diabetes: entagenic acid, which is used as an active ingredient, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or auxiliary material are prepared into a medicine or a medicine composition for preventing and treating diabetes. Compared with the conventional hypoglycemic medicines, entagenic acid (EA) has the advantages of being less in effective dose, reliable in function, less in toxic or side effect, and the like, and has the curative effects of not only reducing the blood glucose, but also playing an important role in prevention and treatment of diabetic complications, so as to achieve considerable development and application value in the aspect of resisting diabetes.

The invention provides an armeniaca vulgaris lam pectin polysaccharide and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises: pulping armeniaca vulgaris lam fruits and active water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1:(1-3) to obtain pulp, wherein the material-liquid ratio is a mass-volume ratio, and the unit is g / mL; and carrying out mixing enzymolysis on the pulp and an aspergillus niger fermentation broth, carrying out centrifugal concentration 2-4 times after enzymolysis is finished, adding absolute ethyl alcohol with the volume 2-5 times, carrying out alcohol precipitation, and freeze drying for 12-24 h to obtain the armeniaca vulgaris lam pectin polysaccharide. According to the invention, the extraction step of the natural plant polysaccharide is greatly simplified, and the aspergillus niger strain which can be separated and extracted from the nature is utilized, so that the extraction cost is reduced to a great extent, the extraction amount and purity of the natural plant polysaccharide are improved, toxic and harmful reagents such as diethyl ether and chloroform are prevented from being used, and large-scale application of the natural plant polysaccharide is facilitated.

The invention discloses a process method for extracting stevia rebaudiana polyphenol from stevia rebaudiana. The process method comprises the following steps: washing fresh stevia rebaudiana, weighing, and pulping with a beater to obtain slurry; standing the slurry in an acid solution having a certain pH value for a period, filtering with gauze to obtain slag; performing ultrasonic extraction on the slag by using alcohol as an extracting liquid to obtain crude extract; extracting the crude extract by using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology to obtain a stevia rebaudiana polyphenol extract; and purifying the stevia rebaudiana polyphenol extract to obtain stevia rebaudiana polyphenol powder. The process method can be used for singly and specifically extracting stevia rebaudiana polyphenol from stevia rebaudiana, has relatively high extracting purity and extraction rate, is simple in operation, and is suitable for industrial production for stevia rebaudiana polyphenol.

The invention discloses an application of pseudolarix lactone H in pseudolarix seeds in preparation of functional foods and medicines for treating diabetes. The pseudolarix lactone H is prepared by the following methods: grinding the pseudolarix seeds, extracting by using a solvent A, extracting the filter residue by using a solvent B, concentrating and drying the extracting solution extracted twice, and merging to obtain a total crude extract; dispersing the total crude extract in an aqueous solution of low alcohols, extracting and degreasing by using petroleum ether, removing the petroleum ether phase, concentrating and drying the raffinate, and thus obtaining a triterpene extract of the pseudolarix seeds; and further taking a mixed solution of halomethane and acetone as a solvent, recrystallizing the triterpene extract, and thus obtaining the pseudolarix lactone H. The preparation method is simple in process, convenient in operation and low in energy consumption and is suitable for extracting and producing the pseudolarix lactone H from the pseudolarix seeds in a large scale.

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine prescription medical wine for treating nasal polyps and a preparation method thereof. The traditional Chinese medicine prescription medical wine is prepared from 20 to 23 parts by weight of rhizoma polygonati, 50 to 60 parts by weight of honey, 20 to 23 parts by weight of epimedium, 10 to 12 parts by weight of mint, 10 to 12 parts by weight of realgar, 13 to 15 parts by weight of flos magnolia, 13 to 15 parts by weight of radix angelicae sinensis, 10 to 12 parts by weight of radix scutellariae, 13 to 15 parts by weight of white paeony root, 10 to 12 parts by weight of platycodon grandiflorum, 13 to 15 parts by weight of unprocessed rehmannia root, 10 to 12 parts by weight of radix trichosanthis, 1000 to 1200 parts by weight of rice wine, 200 to 230 parts by weight of a grape juice, 2.3 to 2.5 parts by weight of cellulase, 0.12 to 0.15 parts by weight of sodium bicarbonate and 0.5 to 0.6 parts by weight of casein. The traditional Chinese medicine prescription medical wine for treating nasal polyps has the advantages of low alcohol content, light taste, rich nutrition, bright color and good uniformity.

The present invention discloses a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) fragment analog having a weight-reducing and hypoglycemic activity, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a sequence is represented by the following general formula (I). A microwave-assisted Fmoc / tBu orthogonal protection solid phase synthesis strategy is used to efficiently and rapidly synthesize the above target compound. The prepared GLP-1 fragment analog has a novel structure and is suitable as an active ingredient of a drug for treating diabetes and obesity. The GLP-1 fragment analog prepared by using the provided microwave-assisted solid phase synthesis technology is high in yield and short in synthesis period, the crude product is easy for purification, and the GLP-1 fragment analog is low in production cost and easy for industrial automation production. Phe-Ile-Ala-Trp-Leu-Val-Lys-Gly-Arg-X1-X2(I).

The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a high-activity tetranuclear polymer, and discloses a tetranuclear copper compound containing difluoro-oxamide ligands, and a preparation method and application thereof. The structural formula of the tetranuclear copper compound is shown as below. The preparation method includes the following steps: dissolving 2 mmol of oxamide mononuclear copper ligands in 10-20 ml of methanol, dissolving 2mmol of copper salts in 5-10 ml of methanol, adding the dissolved copper salts to the methanol solution of the mononuclear copper ligands tocarry out a reaction at 60 DEG C for 1 hour, adding a methanol solution, in which 2 mmol of 1,10-phenanthroline ligands are dissolved, to the mixed solution of the ligands, carrying out reflux at 60 DEG C for 5 hours before filtering, and slowly volatilizing filter liquor for 1 week to obtain a blue blocky crystal, namely the tetranuclear copper compound containing the difluoro-oxamide ligands. The copper salts include copper perchlorate, copper chloride, copper bromide and the like. Compared with currently used platinum-based anticancer compounds, the tetranuclear copper compound has the advantages of high anticancer activity, low cost, simplicity in preparation, and the like. It is found for the first time that the synthesized compound has high activity in sugar reduction, providing a new way for developing related drugs.

The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine extraction and analysis detection, relates to an extraction and detection method for Angelica amurensis volatile oil and application, and also relates to application of Angelica amurensis volatile oil in the aspect of reducing blood glucose. The extraction and detection method comprises the following steps: extracting volatile oil by using a steam distillation method, cutting the roots of fresh Angelica amurensis, putting the roots in a reactor, adding distilled water, and soaking, wherein the soaking temperature is 20 to 40 DEG C, and the soaking time is 1 to 5 h; connecting a steam distillation device, and carrying out heating digestion, wherein the digestion extraction temperature is 80 to 180 DEG C, the extraction time is 1 to 8 h, and the extraction liquid-solid ratio is (4 to 20): 1; and collecting the volatile oil. The invention also discloses application of Angelica amurensis volatile oil in preparation of medicine and food for reducing blood glucose. The technology of using the steam distillation method is simple, environment and pollution-free, the yield of the volatile oil is improved through optimization and improvement, and the prepared volatile oil has the activity of reducing blood glucose.

The invention provides a new high B-ring berberine and palmatine derivative. The structural formula is shown in the description. The invention also provides a preparation technology and application ofthe high B-ring berberine and palmatine derivative. Pharmacodynamic tests prove that the compound provided by the invention has a relatively good effect of reducing blood glucose in vitro and is partially superior to a positive control of berberine hydrochloride. The high B-ring berberine and palmatine derivative provided by the invention has a remarkable drug effect and possibly provides a new clinical medication option.

The invention provides nanoparticles capable of assisting in lowering blood sugar and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of biological pharmacy. A gulfweed oligosaccharide-stevia rebaudian leaf tea preparation solution used as a water phase and soybean lecithin used as a surfactant are compounded with a red yeast citraurin ethanol solution to obtain gulfweed functional oligosaccharide-citraurin nanoparticles capable of assisting in lowering blood sugar. The nanoparticles have the effect of assisting in lowering blood sugar. By using the nano carrier for embedment, the nanoparticles have the effects of enhancing the stability of blood-sugar-lowering active components, prolonging the acting time and enhancing the blood-sugar-lowering action, and obviously enhance the bioavailability of the functional oligosaccharides and pigments.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive for piglet fattening. The preparation method comprises the following steps of S1, preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight of 20 to 30 parts of frosted folium mori, 10 to 20 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 10 to 15 parts of radix astragali, 10 to 20 parts of radix codonopsis, 10 to 20 parts of fructus crataegi, 10 to 15 parts of radix acanthopanacis senticosi, 10 to 15 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 10 to 15 parts of radix glycyrrhizae and 120 to 150 parts of purified water; and S2,cleaning the picked frosted folium mori, after cleaning is completed, sucking out water on the surface of the frosted folium mori through water absorption cloth, and then putting the frosted folium mori into a drying room to be dried, wherein the temperature of the drying room is 40-50 DEG C, and the drying time is 5-8 h. The method is reasonable in design; and the prepared Chinese herbal medicinefeed additive for piglet fattening can invigorate the spleen to help digestion, promote digestion, improve the appetite of piglets, eliminate dampness, tonify qi, improve body immunity, prevent diseases, increase weight, prevent diarrhea, increase the survival rate, promote digestion and absorption, improve daily gain and the feed utilization rate, reduce the production cost and improve the meatquality.

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicinal wine for treating dental pain and a preparation method thereof. Fangfeng 20‑23, Nepeta 10‑13, Asarum 10‑12, Aconitum 10‑12, Angelica dahurica 10‑12, Scorpion 13‑15, Qingyan 6‑7, Pu Nitrate 10‑12, Qingdai 15‑17 , Almond 20‑23, Watermelon Cream 8‑9, Rice Wine 1000‑1200, Grape Juice 200‑230, Cellulase 2.3‑2.5, Sodium Bicarbonate 0.12‑0.15, Casein 0.5‑0.6. The traditional Chinese medicinal wine for treating dental pain of the present invention, all prescriptions cooperate with each other, makes it have remarkable curative effect of treating dental pain, and has the functions of prevention and health care at the same time.

The invention discloses a guava hypoglycemic composition and application of the composition. In a first aspect of the present application, a composition is provided, the composition includes a guava extract, an eurotium cristatum fermentation product, and a mulberry extract. The composition provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects that in the composition provided by the embodiment of the invention, a fermentation product of eurotium cristatum has certain hypoglycemic activity according to experiments, research proves that the fermentation product is safe to a human body, guava also has an application history of reducing blood sugar, meanwhile, folium mori is also a food-sourced raw material, and the composition has a hypoglycemic effect and is safe and non-toxic. According to the present invention, the above three components are used in a matched mode and have a synergistic effect, the inhibition effect on the activity of alpha-glucosidase is remarkably improved, postprandial blood sugar can be effectively reduced, and the blood sugar can be kept stable.

The invention relates to a chicory root polysaccharide, an extraction method thereof and a preparation method of a hypoglycemic beverage containing the chicory root polysaccharide, and belongs to the technical field of biotechnology, beverage and food.The preparation method of the chicory root pure polysaccharide comprises the steps that chicory roots are smashed, mixed into a solution according to a certain material-liquid ratio and extracted with hot water to obtain chicory root crude polysaccharide, residues are removed, and the chicory root polysaccharide is obtained. Performing alcohol precipitation, concentration, protein removal and the like to obtain pure polysaccharide of the chicory roots; the preparation method of the sugar-reducing beverage containing the chicory root polysaccharide includes the steps of formula weighing, primary mixed sterilization, secondary mixed sterilization, filling and the like. According to the invention, non-inulin micromolecular polysaccharides are extracted from chicory roots, and the functions of the non-inulin micromolecular polysaccharides are researched to prove that the new polysaccharides have hypoglycemic activity, so that the chicory roots have the hypoglycemic activity; and by utilizing the characteristic of reducing blood sugar of the chicory root polysaccharide, the blood sugar reducing beverage taking the chicory root polysaccharide as the main component is researched and developed, the blood sugar reducing value of the chicory root polysaccharide is fully utilized, and the health of a human body is benefited.

The invention provides a new high B-ring berberine and palmatine derivative. The structural formula is shown in the description. The invention also provides a preparation technology and application ofthe high B-ring berberine and palmatine derivative. Pharmacodynamic tests prove that the compound provided by the invention has a relatively good effect of reducing blood glucose in vitro and is partially superior to a positive control of berberine hydrochloride. The high B-ring berberine and palmatine derivative provided by the invention has a remarkable drug effect and possibly provides a new clinical medication option.

The present invention relates to a process for isolating plant Argyrobium roseum extract that contains flavonoid glycoside, wherein the extract possesses hypoglycaemic activity. The present invention also contemplates a composition containing the extract and a method of treating various hyperglycaemic conditions including non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus disease condition by administering the extract.

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine formula based mild medicinal liquor for treating ozostomia and a preparation method thereof. The medicinal liquor is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-23 parts of rhizoma polygonati, 50-60 parts of honey, 20-23 parts of herba epimedii, 15-17 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae viride, 15-17 parts of coptis chinensis, 15-17 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 15-17 parts of licorice roots, 20-23 parts of gypsum, 15-17 parts of apricot kernels, 13-15 parts of angelica sinensis, 15-17 parts of asarum, 15-17 parts of cinnamon, 15-17 parts of flos chrysanthemi, 1000-1200 parts of rice wine, 200-300 parts of bitter melon juice, 2.3-2.5 parts of cellulase, 0.12-0.15 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5-0.6 part of casein and 30-35 parts of caramel. The traditional Chinese medicine formula based mild medicinal liquor for treating ozostomia has transparent color, elegant taste and smooth texture and contains rich nutrients.

The invention discloses sulfonium salt derivatives as well as a preparation method and medical application thereof, and particularly relates to a compound as shown in a formula I. The sulfonium salt derivatives with brand new structures are designed according to a bioisostere principle, and the compounds have good tolerance to gastric acid; compared with a natural product, the sulfonium salt compound provided by the invention has stronger alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, can be used as an onium salt type alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, and is mainly prepared from 1, 2-O-isopropylidene furan D-glucose as a raw material through a one-pot method. The onium salt derivative molecule with alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity is obtained through multi-step reaction, and the molecule has hypoglycemic activity.

The invention belongs to the field of medicine, and particularly relates to an oral pharmaceutical composition for treating diabetic. The oral pharmaceutical composition is prepared from, by weight, pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, 11-23 parts of kava piperine B and 5-10 parts of tartaric acid pimavanserin. The oral pharmaceutical composition is granules preferably. Animal experiments showthat a compound of kava piperine B and tartaric acid pimavanserin has good antidiabetic effect and safety.

A preparation method and application of a highly active tetranuclear polymer. The invention discloses a tetranuclear copper compound containing difluorooxamide ligand and its preparation method and application. Dissolve the copper salt in 5-10ml of methanol and add it to the methanol solution of the above-mentioned mononuclear copper ligand, react at 60°C for 1 hour, then add the methanol solution containing 2mmol of 1,10-phenanthroline ligand to the above-mentioned ligand Reflux at 60°C for 5 hours, filter, and slowly volatilize the filtrate for 1 week to obtain blue blocky crystals. That is, it is a tetranuclear copper compound containing difluorooxamide ligand, and the copper salts are: copper perchlorate, copper chloride, copper bromide and the like. Compared with the platinum anti-cancer commonly used at present, the compound of the present invention has the characteristics of high anti-cancer activity, low cost, simple preparation method and the like. At the same time, it was found for the first time that the synthesized compound has a high activity in reducing blood sugar, which provides a new way for the development of drugs for related purposes.

The invention belongs to the technical field of genetic engineering and bio-pharmaceuticals and specifically discloses a recombinant expression method for a hypoglycemic polypeptide Aglycin and an application thereof. The recombinant expression method comprises the following steps: constructing a recombinant expression vector capable of in vitro self-shearing, by connecting Aglycin with a self-assembling peptide by a self-shearing intein and a connecting peptide; in vivo expressing the recombinant expression vector in escherichia coli, thereby acquiring a recombinant expression strain; addingan inducer into the recombinant expression strain for inducing expression; centrifugally collecting thalli; breaking and centrifuging the thalli and then precipitating; cutting with the inducer and centrifuging, thereby acquiring a supernatant; purifying the supernatant after cutting, thereby acquiring high-purity Aglycin. The invention firstly adopts a genetic engineering method for realizing soluble expression of Aglycin. The polypeptide has a certain hypoglycemic activity for inhibiting alpha-glucosaccharase and can be used for preparing a hypoglycemic polypeptide drug.