The invention relates to a quantitative charging device and method of an attitude control power system, and solves the problem of deviation caused by the charging precision of a present charging system. The device comprises a charging console, a vacuum-pumping system, a charging container, an electronic scale, a voltage stabilization system, a charging connector and a charging pipeline; the charging pipeline comprises a conveying pipe, a metal hose, a charging isolating valve, a filter and a charging solenoid valve; one end of the conveying pipe is connected with a tank of the attitude controlpower system via a charging connector, and the other of the conveying pipe is connected with the metal hose; the end, connected with the charging connector, of the charging pipe is provided with a tapping valve; the vacuum-pumping system comprises a vacuum pump, a vacuum pipe and a vacuum gauge; one end of the vacuum pipe is connected with the vacuum pump, and the other end of the vacuum pipe iscommunicated with the charging isolating valve; the voltage stabilizing system comprises an pressurized air bottle, both the charging container and the pressurized air bottle are arranged on the electronic scale, and the pressurized air bottle is communicated with the charging container; and the charging container is communicated with the conveying pipe of the charging pipe via the tapping valve of the charging container.