The invention provides a pesticide residue removing and sterilizing detergent containing chlorine dioxide, which is mainly prepared from a surfactant, a chelating agent, a thickening agent, a bactericide precursor, a pH regulator and deionized water according to a certain proportion by weight. The pesticide residue removing and sterilizing detergent has mild property, safety, environmental protection, biological degradability and no residue after use, and not only can be used for washing melons, fruits and vegetables, but also can be used for washing tableware, thereby realizing the one-step completion of decontamination, pesticide residue removal, sterilization and disinfection. The invention has good sterilizing effect, short acting time and high sterilization ratio by selecting the chlorine dioxide as a sterilizing component, carcinogens, such as chloroform and the like can not be generated in the use process, the tolerance of bacteria to the detergent can not be generated, and the detergent takes effect when used.