The invention discloses a self-repairing high-temperature-resistant polyurethane elastomer as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The self-repairing high-temperature-resistant polyurethane elastomer is self-repaired by utilizing multiple reversible crosslinking effects of a disulfide bond, a hydrogen bond, a coordination bond and an ionic bond; the polyurethane elastomer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 55 to 65 parts of polytetramethylene ether glycol, 20 to 30 parts of 4, 4 diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 20 to 25 parts of hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2 to 4 parts of 3, 3 '-dithiobis (propionyl hydrazide), 1 to 2 parts of 1-(2-aminoethyl) imidazoline-2-ketone, 0.2 to 0.4 part of ferric chloride, 0.2 to 0.4 part of copper chloride, 20 to 30 parts of acetone, 9 to 18 parts of a chain extender, 0.2 to 0.3 part of a catalyst and 1 to 15 parts of modified polymer powder. The prepared self-repairing high-temperature-resistant polyurethane elastomer does not need external stimulation, can achieve the self-repairing function even under the conditions of normal pressure and normal temperature, effectively solves the problems of damage, deformation and abrasion caused by internal energy conversion when a polyurethane piston works, and has the advantages of being high in hardness, resistant to abrasion, resistant to high temperature, resistant to high pressure and the like.