168results about How to "Reduce field strength" patented technology

A method of testing P2 stiffness of a magnetoresistance (MR) sensor stack including a P2 pinned layer is provided. The method comprises the step of applying an external magnetic field to the MR sensor stack. The external magnetic field is oriented substantially perpendicular to a magnetic field of the P2 pinned layer. The method further comprises varying an amplitude of the external magnetic field, measuring a change in a resistance of the MR sensor stack in response to the varying amplitude of the external magnetic field, and calculating the P2 stiffness based on the measured change in resistance.

A near field RF communicator has an inductive coupler (10) to enable inductive coupling with a magnetic field of an RF signal. A demodulator (102) extracts modulation from an inductively coupled magnetic field. A power provider (109) provides a first power supply for the communicator independent of any inductively coupled signal while a power deriver derives a second power supply from an RF signal inductively coupled to the antenna. A regulator (206; 1302) regulates a voltage supplied by at least one of the first and second power supplies on the basis of a comparison with a reference voltage. A modulator (M) is provided to modulate an inductively coupled magnetic field with data to be communicated via the inductive coupling. In an example, a regulator controller is provided to prevent operation of the regulator in the event of a magnetic field amplitude below a predetermined level or the presence of modulation.

Device and method for generating brief strong current pulses in a coil for generating magnetic field pulses which according to the electromagnetic induction principle induce stimulation currents in the body tissue triggering an action potential of the nerve and / or muscle cells, where the coil is positionable close to the body tissue to be stimulated so that its magnetic field passes through the body tissue, and where the device comprises a power generating unit that can generate a freely selectable temporal course of the current through the coil during the current pulse. A method for determining an optimized temporal course of a brief strong current pulse through the coil, where the temporal course of the current pulse is calculated using a method which numerically simulates the electrical behavior of nerve and / or muscle cells and the coil and optimizes the course of the current pulse regarding at least one parameter, or which by means of stimulating the nerve and / or muscle cells with predetermined current pulses optimizes the temporal course of the current pulse regarding at least one parameter and therefrom determines essential parameters of nerve and / or muscle cells.

The present invention discloses an electrode structure of a light emitted diode and manufacturing method of the electrodes. After formed a pn-junction 2, 3 of a light emitted diode on a substrate 1, a layer of SiO2 is deposited on the periphery of the LED die near the scribe line of the wafer, then a transparent conductive layer 5 is deposited, then a layer of gold or AuGe etc 6, is formed with an opening on the center of the die. After forming alloy with the semiconductor by heat treatment to form ohmic contact, a strip of aluminum (Al) 7 is formed on one side of the die on the front side for wire bonding and to be the positive electrode of the LED. The negative electrode 10 is formed on the substrate by metal contact. Another form of the electrode structure of the present invention is making both the positive electrode 7 and negative electrode 7a on the front side of the LED by etching the p-type semiconductor 3 of the pn-junction and forming a strip of negative electrode 7a on the n-type semiconductor area 2, the positive electrode is formed on the p-type semiconductor area.

A single or multiple band quarter wave resonator antenna assembly for a communications device including a resonator element as a substrate element having disposed thereupon at least a pair of conductor trace elements. The conductor trace elements are disposed upon opposite sides of the substrate element and are operatively coupled to the communications device. The antenna assembly further including a separate conductive member having an approximate ¼ wavelength or greater dimension, which may be defined as the internal printed wiring board ground plane of the communications device.

The present invention relates generally to protecting devices from the detrimental effects of magnetic fields and electromagnetic fields emitted by ambient sources. More particularly, the present invention provides magnetic shields between sensitive devices and portable magnetic and electromagnetic field sources.

A dielectric elastomer has a film that contains a fluorinated silicone elastomer and has two faces. A coating of a stretchable electrode material is applied to each one of the two faces. The fluorinated silicone elastomer has a modulus of elasticity of maximally 450 kPa. The fluorinated silicone elastomer is a three-dimensionally crosslinked, fluorinated, alkyl group-containing polysiloxane in combination with a fluorinated silicone oil. Alternatively, or in addition, the fluorinated silicone elastomer is a three-dimensional wide-mesh crosslinked, fluorinated, alkyl-group containing polysiloxane whose wide mesh property has been effected by a chain length extension by addition of a chain-shaped silicone molecule containing two Si—H groups to an alkenyl group-containing polysiloxane molecule.

A communication system comprises one or a plurality of first wireless tags for defining a first apparatus location area, one or a plurality of second wireless tags for defining a second apparatus location area, a transmitter, and a receiver. The first and wireless tags store IDs corresponding thereto. The transmitter, when residing in the first or second apparatus location area, outputs a wireless ID read signal to read the ID of the wireless tag in the area, multiplexes the read ID on a communication signal, and transmits the resultant communication signal. The receiver, when residing in the second or first apparatus location area, outputs a wireless ID read signal to read the ID of the wireless tag in the area, determines whether or not an ID identical to the read ID is multiplexed on a received communication signal, and determines that the communication signal is addressed to the receiver itself when the ID is multiplexed. In this way, a signal from the transmitter residing in one of the first and second apparatus location areas can be received only by a receiver residing in the other apparatus location area. The wireless tags may be of active type to eliminate the read signal.

Complementary LDMOS and MOS structures and vertical PNP transistors capable of withstanding a relatively high voltage may be realized in a mixed-technology integrated circuit of the so-called "smart power" type, by forming a phosphorus doped n-region of a similar diffusion profile, respectively in: The drain zone of the n-channel LDMOS transistors, in the body zone of the p-channel LDMOS transistors forming first CMOS structures; in the drain zone of n-channel MOS transistors belonging to second CMOS structures and in a base region near the emitter region of isolated collector, vertical PNP transistors, thus simultaneously achieving the result of increasing the voltage withstanding ability of all these monolithically integrated structures. The complementary LDMOS structures may be used either as power structures having a reduced conduction resistance or may be used for realizing CMOS stages capable of operating at a relatively high voltage (of about 20V) thus permitting a direct interfacing with VDMOS power devices without requiring any "level shifting" stages. The whole integrated circuit has less interfacing problems and improved electrical and reliability characteristics.

A transmitted time signal carries time information encoded bit-wise by signal variations in a succession of constant duration time frames, with at least one bit in each time frame. A signal quality is determined and allocated to a respective bit, e.g. depending on the extent of deviation of an actual duration from prescribed durations of a signal variation representing the bit. Thus, a respective signal quality may be allocated to a respective decoded data bit per time frame. Successive data bits can be categorized as interference-free or interference-burdened, and a signal quality of the received time signal can alternatively be determined from the number or ratio of the interference-free bits and the interference-burdened bits. A radio-controlled clock circuit includes a receiving circuit, a bit value decoding arrangement and a signal quality evaluating arrangement.

A monolithic ceramic electronic component includes a first internal electrode including a first region which extends to a first end surface and which has a relatively large dimension in a width direction and a second region which is located at the side closer to a front end than is the first region and which has a relatively small dimension in a width direction, wherein d1>c1+ng (n represents a constant determined in accordance with the size of the monolithic ceramic electronic component) is satisfied, where the distance from a first end point which is closest in the first region to the first side surface and which is closest to the second end surface to the second end surface is d1, the distance between first and second wraparound portions and is g, and the distance between a front end of the second wraparound portion and the second end surface is c1 while a first side surface defines a mounting surface.

A perpendicular magnetic recording medium has an “exchange-spring” type magnetic recording layer (RL) formed of two ferromagnetic layers with substantially similar anisotropy fields that are ferromagnetically exchange-coupled by a nonmagnetic or weakly ferromagnetic coupling layer. Because the write head produces a larger magnetic field and larger field gradient at the upper portion of the RL, while the field strength decreases further inside the RL, the upper ferromagnetic layer can have a high anisotropy field. The high field and field gradient near the top of the RL, where the upper ferromagnetic layer is located, reverses the magnetization of the upper ferromagnetic layer, which then assists in the magnetization reversal of the lower ferromagnetic layer. Because both ferromagnetic layers in this exchange-spring type RL have a high anisotropy field, the thermal stability of the medium is not compromised. The medium shows improved writability, i.e., a low switching field, as well as lower intrinsic media noise, over a medium with a conventional single-layer RL.

A microfluidic device comprising independently addressable arrays of interdigitated electrodes can be used to assembly and transport large-scale microparticle structures. The device and method uses collective phenomena in a negatively polarized suspension exposed to a high-gradient strong ac electric field to assemble the particles into predetermined locations and then transport them collectively to a work area for final assembly by sequentially energizing the electrode arrays.

An electrode assembly for an apparatus for trans-surface molecular includes a non-conductive carrier having a proximal surface, a distal surface, and a plurality of through holes from the proximal surface to the distal surface, a plurality of first electrodes disposed on the proximal surface, a first conductor disposed on at least a first portion of the distal surface and extending through at least a first portion of the plurality of through holes and connected to the first electrodes on the proximal surface, a plurality of second electrodes disposed on the proximal surface, and a second conductor disposed on at least a second portion of the distal surface and extending through at least a second portion of the plurality of through holes and connected to the second electrodes on the proximal surface, wherein the first electrodes and the second electrodes are configured and disposed in closely spaced relation on the proximal surface for engaging the tissue surface and applying an electric field.

A composition for transdermal delivery, particularly iontophoretic transdermal delivery, having at least one cationic active agent or a salt thereof. The composition comprises at least one cationic active agent or a salt thereof, at least one polyamine and / or polyamine salt, water or an aqueous solvent mixture, and optionally one or more additives. Use of the composition as a component of a transdermal patch or of an iontophoretic transdermal patch is also provided, as well as the use of the composition in a method for transdermally or iontophoretically administering cationic active agents. A method for determining the in vitro skin permeation properties of an active agent-containing iontophoretic composition is also provided.

The invention relates to an arrangement for providing a vehicle, in particular a track bound vehicle, with electric energy, wherein the arrangement comprises a receiving device (200) adapted to receive an alternating electromagnetic field and to produce an alternating electric current by electromagnetic induction. The receiving device (200) comprises a plurality of windings and / or coils (9, 10, 11) of electrically conducting material, wherein each winding or coil (9, 10, 11) is adapted to produce a separate phase of the alternating electric current.

Abstract Antenna device for hearing instruments The disclosure relates to an antenna device for hearing instruments, especially for hearing instruments to be worn in the auditory canal. A need exists specifying a hearing instrument, especially ITE hearing instrument having a data transmission system improved in respect of transmission bandwidth with no increase or only an insignificant increase in space and energy requirement. Disclosed an antenna device for a hearing instrument with an antenna arrangement (16) having a preferred send and receive spatial direction, and a further electrical hearing instrument component (13) which emits noise radiation predominantly in a noise radiation spatial direction. The antenna arrangement (16) and the further hearing instrument component (13) are disposed so that the send and receive spatial direction and the noise radiation spatial direction are oriented transverse to one another in such a way that a coupling-in of noise radiation into the antenna arrangement is reduced. The reduction of the noise couplings into the antenna arrangement makes possible a higher send and receive bandwidth, with the installation volume and energy requirement remaining the same. The further hearing instrument component can involve a receiver or any other component, especially one emitting inductive or electromagnetic radiation.

A process to reduce or prevent biofouling, by destroying or deactivating microbiological content of feedwater, or other liquid, prior to its entrance into membranes or process equipment, such as heat transfer equipment. The process comprises the use of electrical discharge and / or electric fields to destroy microbes that result in the biofouling of surfaces. By destroying the microbiological content of the water the microbiology no longer is able to create a restricting biofilm upon or within said process equipment.

A conductor assembly including a magnetic coil positioned about a curvilinear axis with one or more coil rows comprising conductive material having an arcuate shape. A generated field is characterized by a dipole component having a first magnitude, a quadrupole component having a second magnitude, a sextupole component having a third magnitude and a decupole component having a fourth magnitude. The third and fourth magnitudes each 10−3 the first magnitude or less. An associated method includes specifying, for a coil along a straight axis, a first magnetic field pattern including a main magnetic field component of a first order, specifying a first wiring pattern about the straight axis representable by a first series of points, generating a second series of points about a curvilinear axis specification to provide a second wiring pattern derived from the first series of points, characterizing a magnetic field which can be generated according to the second wiring pattern, identifying about the curvilinear axis a first magnitude magnetic field component of a second order, and generating a third wiring pattern along a straight axis with a third series of points based on the first series of points and incorporating a first modulation based on which a generated magnetic field includes a second multipole component of the second order capable of reducing the net field strength of components of the second order. A fourth series of points generated about a curvilinear axis provides a fourth wiring pattern derived from the third series of points.

A magnet core is required to be particularly dense, made of alloys produced in a rapid solidification process and have a minimal coercitive field strength. To achieve these aims, a coarse-grain powder fraction is first produced from an amorphous strip of a soft magnetic alloy. In addition, at least one fine-grain powder fraction is produced from a nanocrystalline strip of a soft magnetic alloy. The particle fractions are then mixed to produce a multi-modal powder, wherein the particles of the coarse-grain particle fraction have an amorphous structure and the particles of the fine-grain powder fraction have a nanocrystalline structure. The multi-modal powder is then pressed to produce a magnet core.

A fiber-based device and associated method effectively convert a laser beam with an initial intensity distribution of Gaussian shape into a beam with another intensity distribution, which might typically be uniform or ring-shaped although other configurations are possible. The device comprises a single mode fiber with a core in which the beam is guided and a cladding surrounding the core. A component inline with the fiber couples a portion of the guided beam from the core into the cladding for propagation through the cladding toward an output end of the fiber. Interaction between core and cladding propagation modes produces the other intensity distribution at a predetermined distance from the output end of the fiber.

The invention relates to a method for positioning and real-time tracking train via leakage coaxial optical cable system, wherein it is formed by five inventions, as dual-wire strengthen inner conductor E-shaped groove outer conductor leakage coaxial optical cable, leakage coaxial cable carrier antenna, optical-electric convert emission receiver, train positioning instructing system, and carrier digit information processor. When train receives accurate position signal, the electric map marks the position of train, to calculate out the speed and accelerator of train; the center receives the real-time information of each train, to real-time display accurate position, speed and accelerator at the electric map; computer via said information calculates out best train line, and sends relative command to the train; train receives command to operate.

The invention relates to a sampling resistor sensor for the extra-high-voltage direct corona current. The sampling resistor sensor comprises a cylinder-shaped sampling resistor, wherein an insulation tube penetrates through the hollow part of the sampling resistor, each end of the insulation tube is fixedly connected with an insulation flange plate, two grading rings are respectively fixed on the two insulation flange plates through metal flange plates arranged at the centers of the two grading rings, one end of one metal flange plate is connected into an extra-high-voltage transmission line through a screened lead, the corona current of the extra-high-voltage transmission line is required to be measured, the other end of the metal flange plate is connected with one end of the sampling resistor through the screened lead, the other end of the sampling resistor is connected with the other metal flange plate through a screened lead, the sampling resistor is connected with a shunt resistor in parallel through a screened lead, and the shunt resistor is arranged in the insulation tube. The sampling resistor sensor can be widely used in the direct current extra-high-voltage environment with plus or minus 1200 KV (kilovolt) to the largest extent and realizes the wide-frequency-domain accurate measurement of the corona current in the extra-high-voltage transmission line.

A perpendicular magnetic recording medium has an “exchange-spring” type magnetic recording layer (RL) formed of two ferromagnetic layers with substantially similar anisotropy fields that are ferromagnetically exchange-coupled by a nonmagnetic or weakly ferromagnetic coupling layer. Because the write head produces a larger magnetic field and larger field gradient at the upper portion of the RL, while the field strength decreases further inside the RL, the upper ferromagnetic layer can have a high anisotropy field. The high field and field gradient near the top of the RL, where the upper ferromagnetic layer is located, reverses the magnetization of the upper ferromagnetic layer, which then assists in the magnetization reversal of the lower ferromagnetic layer. Because both ferromagnetic layers in this exchange-spring type RL have a high anisotropy field, the thermal stability of the medium is not compromised. The medium shows improved writability, i.e., a low switching field, as well as lower intrinsic media noise, over a medium with a conventional single-layer RL.

An improved torque sensing arrangement includes a magnetoelastic ring on a rotatable shaft, along with two or more magnetic field sensors. The ring has at least two magnetic bands magnetized in opposite directions to produce at least two magnetic fields. Alternatively, the rotatable shaft could be magnetized into bands, eliminating the need for a magnetoelastic ring. The magnetic field sensors are positioned next to, but not contacting, the bands, and can be used to measure the field strength, which can be converted to torque. The sensors are preferably positioned to either side of the peak axial magnetic field strength areas of the bands, one offset from the center of one band in a first direction and the other offset from the center of the other band in a second direction opposite the first direction, thereby limiting the average change in the reading when the fields move under the shaft.

A spark plug which includes an end at its combustion chamber end, and an end at its connecting end, as well as a housing and an insulator situated in the housing. The insulator has a longitudinal bore having a longitudinal axis, a center electrode situated in the longitudinal bore of the insulator, a first ground electrode which extends into the region of the longitudinal axis of the insulator, and a second ground electrode which is situated at a distance from the longitudinal axis of the insulator laterally next to the center electrode. The insulator has a front section, facing the first ground electrode, which has an end face. The insulator has an outside diameter d and an inside diameter c, d−c, that is, the difference between outside diameter d and inside diameter c, in the front section of the insulator being not greater than 1.9 mm.

In a non-contact power feeding apparatus of the present invention, power is fed through an air gap from a power transmission coil of a power feeding side circuit to a power receiving coil of a power receiving side circuit, which are closely located to face each other, based on a mutual induction effect of electromagnetic induction. The power transmission coil and the power receiving coil are respectively composed of a planar assembly of a number of unit coils. Each unit coil is formed in a spirally wound flat structure, wherein the direction of an electric current is set in reverse to make the north and south magnetic poles reverse between each unit coil which is juxtaposed to another to directly come into line. As a result, the unit coils, which are juxtaposed to another to directly come into line, are provided in such a manner that an overlapping area of a respectively formed magnetic field cancels another out to be offset

A semiconductor system having a trench MOS barrier Schottky diode, having an integrated substrate PN diode as a clamping element (TMBS-ub-PN), suitable in particular as a Zener diode having a breakdown voltage of approximately 20V for use in a vehicle generator system, the TMBS-sub-PN being made up of a combination of Schottky diode, MOS structure, and substrate PN diode, and the breakdown voltage of substrate PN diode BV_pn being lower than the breakdown voltage of Schottky diode BV_schottky and the breakdown voltage of MOS structure BV_mos.

The invention relates to a system for transferring electric energy to a track bound vehicle, in particular to a light rail vehicle, such as a tram, wherein the system comprises an electric conductor arrangement (12) for producing an electromagnetic field and for thereby transferring the energy to the vehicle, the electric conductor arrangement (12) comprises at least one line (1, 2, 3) for carrying one phase of an alternating voltage or current, the line (1, 2, 3) extends along the track, the line (1, 2, 3) is arranged in such a manner that it produces—at each point in time while the alternating electric current is flowing through the line (1, 2, 3)—a row of successive magnetic poles (at sections 5) of an electromagnetic field, wherein the successive magnetic poles have alternating magnetic polarities, the row of successive magnetic poles extends in the travel direction of the vehicle which is defined by the track.