The invention discloses a non-invasion-type detection instrument and method for the cerebral blood oxygen of a fetus in the abdomen. The detection instrument comprises a probe and a control device, the probe completely fits the abdomen of a pregnant woman and is provided with a luminous source and multiple light sensing points, when light emitted by the luminous source penetrates through the front-wall tissue of the abdomen of the pregnant woman, the shallow-layer tissue of the head of the fetus and the cerebral tissue of the fetus, corresponding emergent light is formed, and the light sensingpoints detect the emergent light corresponding to the light sensing points; the control device is internally provided with a central processing module, a power module, an optical source driving module, a light sensing point signal receiving module and a data displaying module, and the power module, the optical source driving module, the light sensing point signal receiving module and the data displaying module are electrically connected with the central processing module; the optical source driving module controls the luminous source to give out light, the light sensing point signal receivingmodule receives light sensing signals of the light sensing points, and after the central processing module conducts data processing, a cerebral blood oxygen saturation degree value is obtained and displayed by the data displaying module. By adopting a noninvasive detection mode, the detection instrument can be applied to timely evaluation on the cerebral oxygen condition of the fetus in the abdomen, and the situation is avoided that due to events such as the cord around neck, the encephalic hypoxic-ischemic state is caused.