151 results about "Potassium sodium" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum ash washing filtrate recycling intelligent control, in particular to an aluminum ash washing filtrate recycling intelligent control device and method, and the device comprises a multi-parameter online detection module, a data processing optimization module, a process parameter execution module and a filtrate circulation module. The multi-parameter online detection module is used for cooperatively detecting the real-time concentration of trace impurity ions such as fluorine, potassium and sodium through an ion selective electrode array and a micro spectrum analyzer; predicting the dissolution trend of impurity ions through an LSTM model and generating a process parameter adjustment instruction; the process parameter execution module regulates and controls the stirring strength, the liquid-solid ratio and the water-ash contact time in a linkage manner; and the filtrate circulating module is used for buffering, homogenizing and proportionally mixing the washed liquid phase to generate a regenerated leaching medium for recycling. According to the method, the detection data and the model decision are dynamically matched through the closed-loop control process, and the impurity element removal efficiency is improved.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic material preparation methods, and specifically relates to a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic, its preparation method, and application. The lead-free piezoelectric ceramic is a KNN-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic or a BT-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic having a perovskite structure; the KNN-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic is prepared by doping gallium nitride with potassium sodium niobate (KNN) ceramic as the matrix, and the chemical formula is 0.955 (K 0.48 Na 0.52 )Nb 0.98 Sb 0.02 O3‒0.045Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 ZrO3‒0.75mol% GaN; The BT-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic is prepared by doping gallium nitride with barium nitride (BT) as the matrix, and the chemical formula is (Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 )(Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 ) O‒1.75mol% GaN; the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic has a dense structure, is lead-free, and exhibits excellent electrochemical properties. The preparation method for the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic is simple, low-cost, pollution-free, and utilizes readily available raw materials. The lead-free piezoelectric ceramic can be used to prepare energy harvesters and has significant application value.

The piezoelectric ceramic according to the present disclosure includes, as a main component, a sodium potassium niobate-based composition. The composition is represented by general formula (1). General formula (1): {(K1-a-bNaaLib)1-c-dA1cA2d} x {(Nb1-e- fTaeSbf)1-g-hB1gB2h}O3. Further, the piezoelectric ceramic according to the present disclosure contains, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the abovementioned composition, Mn in the amount of 0.05 to 3.50 parts by mass in terms of MnO2.

The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and discloses a lithium slag treatment method which comprises the following steps: (1) mixing lithium slag and an alkaline reactant, and grinding to obtain a mixed raw material; (2) sintering the mixed raw material to obtain sintered clinker; and (3) dipping the sintered clinker in an alkaline solution, and carrying out solid-liquid separation. According to the method, toxic elements in the lithium slag can be effectively removed, environmental risks caused by long-term stockpiling of the lithium slag are avoided, potassium and sodium elements in the lithium slag can be effectively removed, adverse effects of the lithium slag on soil and building materials in building and soil application are avoided, and the utilization rate of the lithium slag is increased.

To provide a piezoelectric element that can improve the insulating properties of the piezoelectric layer. [Solution] A piezoelectric element comprising a substrate, a first electrode provided on the substrate, a piezoelectric layer provided on the first electrode and containing potassium, sodium, and niobium, and a second electrode provided on the piezoelectric layer, wherein the piezoelectric layer has a first layer provided on the first electrode and a second layer provided on the first layer, and the piezoelectric layer has a first region including a first interface between the first layer and the second layer and a second region located within the first layer without including the first interface, and the molar ratio of potassium to sodium in the first region is greater than the molar ratio in the second region.

The invention provides a ceramic green body based on lithium slag and wollastonite, a ceramic tile and a preparation method, and the ceramic green body comprises the following raw materials by weight: 25-35% of clay, 15-25% of lithium slag, 10-20% of wollastonite tailings, 15-25% of potassium-sodium feldspar, 15-25% of quartz, 0-3% of calcium phosphate, and 0.5-0.8% of a dispergator. The lithium slag and the wollastonite tailings are doped into the formula of the ceramic body, a low-aluminum high-calcium billet system is established by combining the clay, the potassium-sodium feldspar, the quartz and the auxiliary raw materials, and the characteristics of the lithium slag and the wollastonite are utilized, and the formula of the ceramic body is adjusted and optimized, so that the low-aluminum high-calcium ceramic body is obtained. The low-aluminum high-calcium green body formula which is low in firing temperature, wide in firing range and easy to control kiln firing can be obtained, energy consumption is remarkably reduced, the utilization rate of the lithium slag and the wollastonite tailings is increased, the production cost of ceramic tiles is reduced, and meanwhile the strength of ceramic products is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of soil element determination, in particular to a method for determining potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium in soil soluble salt, which comprises the following steps: S1, collecting and preparing a soil sample; s2, preparing a soil sample leaching solution; s3, instrument detection; and S4, data processing and calculation. According to the method, vacuum freeze drying is combined with an ultrasonic-microwave combined extraction technology, and plasma spectrum and ion chromatography combined analysis is adopted, so that the detection efficiency and accuracy are improved, meanwhile, reagent consumption and labor cost are greatly reduced, the problems that a traditional process is tedious, consumed time is long, and precision is insufficient are solved, and the method is suitable for industrial production. The method has the advantages of being convenient to operate, environmentally friendly and the like, can be widely applied to the fields of soil salinization monitoring, agricultural land quality evaluation and geological disaster prevention and control, and provides reliable technical support for environmental protection and resource management.

The invention relates to a building exterior wall coating and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of building coatings. The coating is composed of a composite inorganic-organic hybrid film forming base material, a nano composite flame-retardant filler, a bio-based thickener, a photoresponsive hydrophobic aid, a low-foam wetting dispersant and deionized water. Wherein the composite base material forms an interpenetrating network structure through compounding of sodium potassium silicate and phosphate modified polyacrylate emulsion, and has inorganic phase hardness and organic phase flexibility; the nano flame-retardant filler adopts an Mg-Al layered dihydroxy oxide and cerium dioxide core-shell structure, and zinc borate is loaded to realize multi-stage flame retardance. The preparation method comprises ultrasonic-assisted emulsion polymerization, electrostatic self-assembly filler compounding and gradient curing processes, and during construction, a layered spraying and ultraviolet activation combined technology is adopted. The super-hydrophobic self-cleaning flame-retardant coating has excellent flame retardance, super-hydrophobic self-cleaning performance and long-acting weather resistance.

The invention belongs to the technical field of refractory materials, and discloses a method for preparing a refractory raw material by utilizing harmless treatment of secondary aluminum ash, which comprises the following steps: selecting hazardous solid waste secondary aluminum ash rich in potassium, sodium, fluorine, chlorine and other harmful substances as a treatment object, grinding, sieving, mixing with sulfite paper pulp waste liquid, and pressing into a porous honeycomb aluminum ash standard brick. Preparing a refractory raw material through the processes of normal-temperature maintenance, heat treatment in a high-temperature nitrogen environment and the like; the technological process is simple, and during high-temperature heat treatment, fluorine, chlorine, potassium, sodium and other alkali ions contained in the aluminum ash are volatilized under the high-temperature driving effect; under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere, the binding capacity between alkali ions such as potassium and sodium and silicon oxide and aluminum oxide in the aluminum ash during volatilization is reduced, and the alkali ions are promoted to effectively escape, so that the alkali removal effect is achieved, and a harmless refractory raw material is obtained; the method is low in production cost, high in aluminum ash treatment efficiency, high in dealkalization rate and good in effect, secondary pollution caused in the aluminum ash treatment process is avoided, and the resource utilization level is improved.

The potassium sodium niobate-based ceramic material with excellent fatigue resistance disclosed in the present invention has a general chemical composition formula of: (1-x)K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO3‑x(Sr 0.7 La 0.2 )(Mg 1 / 3 Nb 2 / 3 )O3; x represents the number of moles, and x is 0.03 to 0.12; the ceramic has a perovskite structure, a breakdown electric field of 230 to 400 kV / cm, and a maximum polarization strength of 29.6 to 34.1 μC / cm 2 , the residual polarization intensity is 4.1~7.4μC / cm 2 The present invention discloses a method for preparing a potassium sodium niobate-based ceramic material with excellent fatigue resistance, comprising the following steps: batching, primary ball milling, pre-sintering, secondary ball milling, tableting, cold isostatic pressing, and pressureless closed sintering. The potassium sodium niobate-based ceramic material of the present invention exhibits excellent energy storage performance and fatigue resistance. The ceramic material preparation method of the present invention is simple, reproducible, and has a high yield.

The present invention discloses a potassium-sodium co-doped manganese dioxide nanomaterial and its preparation and application. The present invention comprises the steps of dissolving silicate and manganese salt and mixing them to prepare a precursor; and treating the precursor by alkali etching. The potassium ions and sodium ions pre-embedded between the manganese dioxide layers stabilize the layered structure of the crystal, widen the interlayer spacing, and make the embedding and extraction of zinc ions and hydrogen ions smoother through electrostatic shielding. At the same time, the prepared potassium-sodium co-doped manganese dioxide nanomaterial has a unique nano-flower sheet structure, which increases the contact area of ​​the reaction. The electrochemical test results show that the potassium-sodium co-doped manganese dioxide nanomaterial has a good reversible specific capacity as a positive electrode material for zinc ion batteries. At a current density of 0.5 A / g, the high specific capacity can reach up to 239.1 mAh / g after 600 cycles.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a dense potassium sodium niobate sintered body and a sputtering target capable of producing a thin film having a desired composition and crystal phase. A potassium sodium niobate sintered body containing potassium (K), sodium (Na), niobium (Nb), and oxygen (O) satisfies 1 < (K+Na) / Nb ≤ 1.3 in terms of atomic ratio, and has a dimensional density of 3.9 g / cm 3 The above.

This piezoelectric element comprises a columnar laminate and two conductor layers. In the columnar laminate, internal electrodes and a piezoelectric body having potassium sodium niobate as the main component are alternately laminated. The two conductor layers are positioned on the respective lateral surfaces of the laminate and are connected to the corresponding internal electrodes. The piezoelectric body has a first portion and a second portion. The first portion overlaps the internal electrodes in a planar perspective view in the lamination direction. The second portion is located outside the first portion and does not overlap the internal electrodes in the planar perspective view. The concentration of at least one of potassium and sodium contained in the piezoelectric body is constant in the first portion, decreases stepwise at the interface between the second portion and the first portion, and decreases gradually from the interface to the surface in the second portion.

The raw material crusher comprises a machine body shell, a machine door arranged on the upper side of the machine body shell, and a first sealing rubber ring arranged in the middle of the machine door, and further comprises a supporting frame installed at the lower end of the machine door, a spraying opening is formed in the inner side of the supporting frame, and a second sealing rubber ring is arranged in the middle of the supporting frame. A water pump is arranged on the left side of the supporting frame. The raw material crusher capable of preventing dust from escaping and used for potassium-sodium feldspar powder processing has the function of preventing dust from escaping in the using process, so that raw materials are extruded and damaged in the device, a large amount of dust is not prone to being generated and escaping towards the outer side of the device, the escaping dust is prevented from affecting the body health of operators, the using safety of the device is improved, and the service life of the device is prolonged. And meanwhile, when the device is damaged, the device can be conveniently disassembled, assembled and overhauled, the maintenance and overhaul efficiency of the device is prevented from being affected, the maintenance and overhaul cost of the device is reduced, and the better using effect is achieved.

The invention discloses a production system of high-flowability moisture-proof sodium potassium titanate, and relates to the technical field of sodium potassium titanate, the production system comprises a pulsed electric field in-situ moisture-proof layer synthesis unit, a multistage cyclone coupling fluidized bed modification unit and a block chain quality closed-loop control unit, the pulsed electric field in-situ moisture-proof layer synthesis unit comprises a nitrogen-protected closed reaction kettle, a high-frequency ultrasonic disperser and a multi-stage pulsed electric field generator, the high-frequency ultrasonic disperser applies a 0.5-20 MHz pulsed electric field, the field intensity of the pulsed electric field is 10-30 kV / cm, the duty ratio of the pulsed electric field is 15%-90%, and the multi-stage pulsed electric field generator is used for generating the moisture-proof layer. The high-frequency ultrasonic disperser enables a nano rare earth silicate composite coating layer to be generated in situ on the surface of sodium potassium titanate particles, the thickness of the nano rare earth silicate composite coating layer is 10-50 microns, the humidity sensitivity of the nano rare earth silicate composite coating layer is 0.1%-0.3%, the multi-stage rotational flow coupling fluidized bed modification unit comprises three stages of fluidized beds which are arranged in series, and the three stages of fluidized beds are connected in parallel. The inclination angle of the inclination-angle-adjustable swirl nozzle array arranged at each stage is 10-60 degrees, and the distance is 1.2-2.5 times of the particle diameter.

Provided is a piezoelectric element, a head chip, a liquid ejecting apparatus, and a sensor, which can suppress a decrease in efficiency (linearity) of displacement of a vibrating plate. The piezoelectric element of the present application includes a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer formed above the first electrode, and a second electrode formed above the piezoelectric layer, wherein the piezoelectric layer contains potassium, sodium, and niobium, and a Young's modulus of the piezoelectric layer measured by a nanoindentation method exceeds 130 GPa.

A polymer composite having piezoelectric properties that can be formed for flexible and / or thin film applications, where the polymer composite includes a polymer matrix and a piezoelectric ceramic filler embedded in the polymer matrix. The polymer matrix can include at least two polymers: a first polymer and a second polymer. The first polymer can be a fluorinated polymer and the second polymer can be compatible with the first polymer and have a dielectric constant less than about 20. The piezoelectric ceramic filler can be lithium-doped potassium sodium niobate (KNLN) and can be about 40-70 vol% of the polymer composite. The remaining 30-60 vol% can be the polymer matrix, which itself can be about 5-20 wt% of the second polymer and 80-95 wt% of the fluorinated polymer.

The invention discloses a preparation method of potassium sodium hydrogen citrate granules, which comprises the following steps: dissolving citric acid, sodium citrate and potassium citrate raw material medicines by using pure water, adding a proper amount of alcohol solvent, stirring to form a suspended raw material medicine solution, and carrying out spray drying, granulation and other processes to obtain the potassium sodium hydrogen citrate granules. The spray drying process is adopted, the mixed solvent of the pure water and the alcohol solvent is used, the uniform potassium sodium hydrogen citrate raw material medicine fine powder is obtained, the hygroscopicity of the powder is remarkably improved, the drying efficiency is high, the powder can be used for granulation without secondary smashing, and further prepared potassium sodium hydrogen citrate particles are uniform in color and good in stability and meet related quality standards.

This invention discloses a method for preparing activator-free single-component cement. The main technical method involves selecting raw meal containing silicon, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium oxides, grinding it into raw meal powder, oxidizing and calcining it at a temperature not lower than 1250°C until the phase is stable, and then rapidly cooling it to obtain clinker; the clinker is then ground into powdered cement. This cement has the characteristics of low carbon, energy saving, waste utilization, and environmental protection, and has good application prospects.

The application discloses a high-entropy conversion-alloy-based negative electrode material in a potassium / sodium ion battery and a preparation method thereof. The material preparation steps are as follows: a certain amount of antimony salt, bismuth salt, tin salt, cobalt salt, manganese salt and nickel salt are weighed according to the stoichiometric ratio and dissolved in deionized water containing tartaric acid to form a uniform solution A; then a certain amount of sodium tellurite is dissolved in ammonia water containing hydrazine hydrate to form a uniform solution B; the solutions A and B are uniformly mixed and subjected to a hydrothermal reaction; and the target "medium-high-entropy" material is obtained through centrifugation, washing and drying. The medium-high-entropy component design can significantly enhance the potassium / sodium storage electrochemical kinetics of the conversion-alloy-based negative electrode material, effectively inhibit the large volume expansion problem in the charging and discharging process, and make the material have high reversible specific capacity, excellent cycle stability and rate performance. In addition, the preparation process is simple and easy to operate, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

The invention relates to a high-energy planetary ball-milling thermochemical purification method for preparing high-purity silica powder from cobblestones. The invention provides an innovative process based on a wet mechanochemical effect to solve the industrial problems that traditional silica powder raw materials mostly depend on high-quality quartzite or high-purity silicon ore, so that cost is high, resources are short, and cobblestones are difficult to use in a high-valued mode due to high impurity content and high compactness. And in cooperation with high-concentration ore pulp, differential dissolution of impurity ions occurs. The process comprises the steps of raw material pretreatment, first-stage high-energy ball milling dealkalization and iron removal, intermediate washing, second-stage high-energy ball milling deep dealumination, post-treatment and the like. In the first stage, iron, potassium and sodium ions on the surface are preferentially removed by using an organic acid system, and in the second stage, an aluminosilicate skeleton is destroyed by using a fluorine-containing auxiliary agent for deep dealumination, so that the technical bottleneck that impurities such as iron and aluminum in the cobblestones are difficult to deeply remove is solved. The SiO2 purity of the silica powder prepared by the technology can reach 99%-99.9%, and the method opens up a new path for efficient utilization of the cobblestones.

The invention discloses a production process for continuously producing composite fireproof glass by a coating lamination method, and relates to the technical field of building safety material preparation, in particular to the production process for continuously producing the composite fireproof glass by the coating lamination method. Comprising the continuous steps of glass substrate pretreatment, fireproof colloid coating, multi-layer composite lamination, continuous curing, trimming and cutting, quality detection and the like. The pretreatment comprises potassium-sodium ion exchange, cleaning, drying and surface activation; a precise comma scraper and a slit die head are adopted for coating, and the thickness is controllable; the exhaust bonding is ensured through lamination segmented pressurization; curing through preheating, constant temperature and cooling sections; the appearance, the size, the light transmittance, the bubble defect and the fireproof performance are detected, the light transmittance is larger than or equal to 90%, and the fireproof performance reaches the standard. Real-time monitoring key parameters are set to adapt to products of different specifications, functional auxiliaries can be added during coating, and grinding and polishing are conducted after trimming. The process is continuous and efficient, product quality is stable, and fireproof glass production requirements are met.

The present application relates to a potassium sodium niobate based textured piezoelectric ceramic with high Curie temperature and temperature stability, and a preparation method thereof, the textured piezoelectric ceramic has a general chemical formula of (0.99-x)((K 0.5 Na 0.5 )(Nb 0.98 Ta 0.02 )O3)‑0.01(Bi(Ni 0.67 Nb 0.33 )O3)‑x(Bi 0.5 K 0.5 )HfO3+3wt.%NaNbO3, 0≤x≤0.04; the method comprises a solid phase synthesis method, a two-step molten salt method combined with a separation method, a template grain growth method, a casting process, a hot pressing process, a glue removal process, a two-step sintering process, a silver sintering process and a polarization process. Compared with the prior art, the present application can obtain a lead-free textured piezoelectric ceramic with high Curie temperature and high piezoelectric performance by the solid phase synthesis method, the template grain growth method combined with the casting process and the two-step sintering process, more importantly, the ceramic exhibits a single tetragonal phase structure, has high positive and inverse piezoelectric coefficients, and the piezoelectric coefficient and the inverse piezoelectric coefficient have small change rates in a wide temperature range, and has excellent temperature stability.

The invention relates to the technical field of harmless disposal of hazardous wastes and comprehensive utilization of resources, in particular to a method for activating inert zinc ferrite in steel-making furnace dust through calcification-chlorination of waste incineration fly ash and volatilizing and enriching zinc, lead, potassium and sodium, which comprises the following steps: S100, carrying out raw material compatibility according to mineral phase composition of the waste incineration fly ash and the steel-making furnace dust to obtain a mixture; s200, the obtained mixture is supplemented with inert gas flow, and the mixture is fed into a high-temperature area to be roasted; s300, after calcification-chlorination composite activation high-temperature roasting, an activated phase rich in zinc, lead, potassium and sodium is generated and brought into a low-temperature area by airflow for desublimation and enrichment; and S400, the obtained enriched phase is subjected to step-by-step deposition enrichment, and zinc, lead and potassium sodium enriched products are obtained. In order to solve the problems that the zinc-containing steel-making furnace dust is difficult to utilize and the generation amount of the waste incineration fly ash is gradually increased over years, the method is provided for activating inert-phase zinc ferrite in the zinc-containing steel-making furnace dust through composite calcification-chlorination of the waste incineration fly ash to obtain a valuable-metal-enriched volatile phase, and step-by-step deposition separation is carried out.

The application discloses a kind of biphasic bioactive tissue repair scaffolds and preparation method, comprising the following steps: step 1: calcium phosphate ceramic powder is modified on surface, and the modified calcium phosphate ceramic powder is obtained;Step 2: the modified calcium phosphate ceramic powder, potassium sodium niobate piezoelectric ceramic powder, dispersing agent, photoinitiator, photosensitive resin are mixed evenly, and the light-cured resin slurry is obtained after ball milling;Step 3: according to the design, 3D printing model is constructed, and the light-cured resin slurry is printed according to 3D printing model, and the scaffold body can be obtained;Step 4: scaffold body is cleaned, and the required scaffold can be obtained after defatting sintering;The application can prepare biphasic bioactive tissue repair scaffold with good mechanical properties, efficient antitumor ability and better bone regeneration capacity, and provide technical support for the repair of bone tumor postoperative bone defect in clinic.

This invention provides a modified ferroelectric polymer composite film, its preparation method, and its applications, belonging to the field of piezoelectric composite material technology. The modified ferroelectric polymer composite film includes a ferroelectric polymer base film and a plurality of composite nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed within the ferroelectric polymer base film. The composite nanoparticles have a core-shell structure, comprising a core and an inner shell layer and an outer shell layer sequentially surrounding the core. The core comprises a composite piezoelectric ceramic material composed of potassium sodium niobate and barium titanate, the inner shell layer comprises polydopamine, and the outer shell layer comprises MnO2. This invention fully utilizes the synergistic effect of the composite nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of P(VDF-TrFE) materials, thereby preparing a composite material with high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, and excellent piezoelectric properties to meet the stringent performance requirements of high-performance sensors and other application fields.

The application relates to the technical field of piezoelectric ceramic devices, and particularly discloses a super-high inverse piezoelectric performance anti-reduction sodium potassium niobate-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic with a chemical formula of (1-x)(Na 1‑y K y ) z Nb 1‑h Ta h O3-xAZr t O3+i% M+k% N, wherein x, y, z, h, t, i and k represent molar fractions, 0.04<=x<0.08, 0.45

The application provides transparent microcrystalline glass and a preparation method and application thereof. The microcrystalline glass contains Al4B2O9 nanorods, or contains Al4B2O9 nanorods and Li x Al x Si 1‑x O2 nanocrystals. The transparent microcrystalline glass is prepared by a melting-shaping-heat treatment method. The transparent microcrystalline glass is applied to the fields of information terminal protective cover plates, transparent protective windows and daily utensils. The application realizes controllable preparation of rod-shaped structure nanorods in the transparent microcrystalline glass, and significantly improves the mechanical properties of the microcrystalline glass. Moreover, the transparent microcrystalline glass has good ion exchange capacity, can realize sodium-lithium ion exchange and potassium-sodium ion exchange, and further improves the mechanical properties of the microcrystalline glass.

The application relates to a potassium-sodium niobate-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic, the components of the potassium-sodium niobate-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic are (1-x)K 0.48 Na 0.55 Bi a Nb 0.96 Zr b Sb c O3-a-b-c-CuOx; wherein 0.01<=a<=0.08, 0.02<=b<=0.08, 0.02<=c<=0.08, 0.001<=x<=0.2, x represents the molar fraction of CuO, the application can effectively improve the ceramic oxygen vacancy concentration and enhance the pinning effect of the ceramic ferroelectric domain wall by regulating the proportion of copper oxide, so that a potassium-sodium niobate-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic with moderate d 33 And high mechanical quality factor Qm is obtained, which is expected to be applied in the field of lead-free medium-power piezoelectric devices. In addition, the process for preparing the potassium-sodium niobate-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramic is simple, the cost is low, and the application has the potential for industrial application.