The invention relates to the technical field of biological science, particularly to a micro-nano compression device comprising an optical microscope, a glass substrate, a metal foil, a filling layer,a micro compressor, a liquid inlet tube, a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet tube, a liquid outlet, a protective layer, an electromagnet I, an electromagnet II, a voltage source and a cable. A small polymer sphere, a macromolecular sample, a small magnetic sphere and liquid are employed as compression experimental materials. The micro compressor includes a metal probe I, a metal probe II, a microchannel I, a microchannel II, a compression channel, a port I, a port II, a port III, and a port IV. The optical microscope is arranged at the position at a distance of 10 cm below the glass substrate. Themicrofluidic structure is combined with the magnetic force to apply a compression force on a biological target in confined space; the sample position is limited relatively during the compression process; and the compression effect is good. Moreover, the pressure application environment is similar to the original living environment of the biological sample; and the existing commercial optical microscope can be used for monitoring the compression process, so that sample deterioration is avoided.