The invention discloses a CRISPR-Cas13 nucleic acid detection kit based on a lightening type RNA aptamer. The kit comprises the lightening type RNA aptamer, Cas13 protein, crRNA and nucleic acid dye; the lightening type RNA aptamer can be combined with nucleic acid dye to emit fluorescence, and if the lightening type RNA aptamer is sheared by Cas13 protein, fluorescence is quenched; the crRNA is a section of RNA, the crRNA and Cas13 protein can form a crRNA-Cas13 compound, and after the Cas 13-crRNA is combined with a target RNA sequence, the enzyme digestion activity of the Cas13 protein is activated, and an RNA aptamer is excised. The kit can detect living pathogens and RNA markers by detecting RNA, and compared with an existing nucleic acid detection method based on CRISPR-Cas13, the method does not depend on reverse transcription and nucleic acid amplification, target RNA sequence detection is completed in one step, the detection cost is low, the operation steps are simple, high specificity and sensitivity can be guaranteed, and industrial application is facilitated.