The invention discloses a micro-scale initiating explosive device ignition temperature field measuring device and a temperature measurement method thereof. The micro-scale initiating explosive device ignition temperature field measuring device comprises an image capture light path system, a mechanical installation device, a computer and software. The image capture light path system comprises a neutral-density filter, an imaging lens and a high-speed camera; the mechanical installation device comprises a light-shading installation box, a window fixed ring, a guide rail, a sliding block, a supporting rod, a fixture, a camera installation platform and the like; and the computer and the software comprise the computer, a data transmission line, temperature measurement processing software and the like. The neutral-density filter is used for uniform filtering in a wave band of 400 to 700 nm, and the upper limit of temperature measurement can be improved, so that the light intensity is prevented from being too high to measure the temperature. The imaging lens and the high-speed camera are used for capturing image signals, the light-shading installation box can prevent the influence of environmental false light, and all components and parts can be fixed by the guide rail, the sliding block, the supporting rod, the fixture, the camera installation platform and the like, so that measurement alignment is guaranteed; and the computer and the software can be used for processing images during standardization and measurement.