A fuse detection device based on pulse laser ranging principles mainly comprises a power supply, a laser, an optical emission system, an optical receiving system, a detector, a pulse amplifier, a signal processing and decision circuit, and the like. According to the fuse detection device, pulse laser fuse detection is adopted, the fuse detection device has confidentiality and anti-interference performance as the laser has good monochromaticity, the locating accuracy of fuse is largely increased as the laser has good directionality, and the sensitivity of the fuse is increased as the laser has high luminance, and therefore the fuse detection device has good anti-electromagnetic interference capability, working safety, reliability and high ranging accuracy, and is widely applied in the aviation field.