The invention discloses a fast calibration test system and method for a phased-array antenna, belongs to the technical field of antenna measurement, relates to a near-field test system, and particularly relates to fast calibration and directional diagram test of the phased-array antenna. The system comprises an upper computer module, a switch module, a synchronous control module, a signal source module, a power amplifier module, a low noise amplifier module, a to-be-tested phased array antenna, a power supply module, a calibration control module, a scanning module, a signal conditioning module and a vector network module. Bases on pulse synchronous control, the loading delay of wave control codes is shortened by using real-time calculation, the channel calibration of the phased-array antenna under various frequencies can be completed through two rounds of scanning, and a directional diagram test of the phased-array antenna under the combination of various frequencies and directional angles can be covered through one round of scanning.