93 results about "Thermal transformation" patented technology

The invention relates to the field of water treatment materials, in particular to a preparation method of a graphene photo-thermal transformation material for sea water desalination and clean water treatment. The preparation method comprises the steps of preparing graphene powder, a polymer material with a chain molecule structure and a solvent into a sizing agent according to the proportion, adding into a mold for drying and heat treating so as to enable organic substances in the material to be carbonized, and obtaining a graphene foam material with favorable mechanism strength; carrying out hydrophilization treatment on one side of the bottom face of the graphene foam material, and obtaining the graphene photo-thermal transformation material for sewage and sea water distillation purification and desalination. According to the material, a black body structure and a high thermal conductivity property of graphene foams are utilized, so that sunlight can be high-efficiently transformed into heat; a capillary action of the foam structure is utilized for continuously conveying water and reducing an evaporation barrier, so that sea water is quickly distilled and desalted. A graphene foam material is utilized for manufacturing the portable high-efficient sea water desalination and sewage purification device, which meets the demand on quickly preparing clean freshwater on sea and outdoors.

The invention discloses an electrothermal method for melting snow and deicing on cement concrete pavement, which is characterized in that the method comprises: arranging an electrical heating layer 2-3cm from the pavement, wherein main electrical heating material which is used is 12k or 24k silica gel skin carbon fiber heater wire, adopting parallel connection to pave the carbon fiber heater wire, wherein the distance is 3-10cm, using a reinforcing mesh (or a steel wire mesh) to erect, using zonal steel plates on two ends as electrodes, and fixing the end portion of the carbon fiber heater wire with the electrode through a screw. The working current of the carbon fiber heater wire is no more than 1.8A and the pavement paving power is 250-1000W/m2. A control circuit for deicing and melting snow realizes power on-off control for a circuit according to signals which are returned by a temperature and humidity sensor on the cement concrete pavement, and the temperature and humidity alarming value is regulated according to environment and concrete condition demands to realize power off-on time control. The effects and benefits of the method of the invention are that ice and snow on the pavement can be effectively melted in time, traffic is kept to be smooth, the safety of pedestrians is guaranteed, the cost for constructing, operating and maintaining is low, the thermal transformation efficiency is high, the method is environmental-protective and economic, and the operation is simple, safe and reliable.

A method of fabricating and using an interconnection element that includes a first element material adapted to be coupled to a substrate and a second element material comprising a material having a transformable property such that upon transformation, a shape of the interconnection is deformed. An example is a material that has a transformable property such that a volume of the first and/or second element material may undergo a thermal transformation from one volume to a different volume (such as a smaller volume) resulting in the deformation of the interconnection element.

A drag chain carbonizer is provided with a system and methods for anaerobic thermal transformation processing to convert waste into various solid carbonized products and varied further co-products. The drag-chain carbonizer includes an adjustable bed depth mechanism, a heating mechanism, a pressure management mechanism, and a chain tensioning mechanism containing at least one position sensor for communication of an actuator position to at least one programmable logic controller (PLC). Carbonaceous waste is transformed into useful co-products that can be re-introduced into the stream of commerce at various economically advantageous points. Depending upon the input materials and the parameters selected to process the waste, including real time economic and other market parameters, the system adjusts co-products output to reflect changing market conditions.

The invention provides a preparation method of multi-sized monodisperse gold nanoparticles. The preparation method of the multi-sized monodisperse gold nanoparticles includes the steps of (1) subjecting gold salt to a reduction reaction in water under the joint action of citrate and a first reducing agent to obtain seed crystals of the gold nanoparticles; (2) mixing chloroauric acid, citrate and a surfactant with water to obtain seed crystal growth liquid; (3) subjecting the seed crystals of the gold nanoparticles to iterative growth in the seed crystal growth liquid under the action of a second reducing agent so as to obtain the multi-sized gold nanoparticles. The preparation method and application of the multi-sized monodisperse gold nanoparticles have the advantages that with the surfactant coating the different particle diameters of monodisperse gold nanoparticles evenly during gradual growth, particle agglomeration is improved, and the problems that the gold nanoparticles with large particle diameters are widely dispersed and poor in monodispersity are solved, so that the gold nanoparticles can give full play to a photo-thermal transformation performance under a light condition.

The invention discloses a process for preparing complex calcium sulfonate grease with excellent performance, which comprises the following components and mass fractions which are that base oil 40-75, complex calcium sulfonate 10-20, 12 hydroxy stearine, acid 5-15, acetic acid 1-4, boric acid 1.5-6, calcium hydroxide 4-8, anti-oxidant 0.3-1.5, extreme pressure agent 1-5 and oiliness additive 1-4. The complex calcium sulfonate grease of the invention has the advantages of excellent mechanical stability and excellent thermal stability, and the maximum use temperature is 260 DEG C, excellent thermal transformation performance, structure can not be changed under instant high temperature, excellent extreme pressure and antiwear behavior, PD value can reach to 4900N, strongest oxidation resistance, very excellent water-resistant performance and excellent low temperature performance, the process for preparing complex calcium sulfonate grease can be normally used below 15 DEG C. The process for preparing complex calcium sulfonate grease is widely used in the places whose work environment are rougher such as iron, steel, mine and the like.

The invention discloses a tri-shape shape memory conductive polymeric nanocomposite and a preparation method thereof. The composite contains a biswitch tri-shape shape memory polymeric and nanoconductive material and can sense remarkable change of electrical properties at two different temperature changes. The preparation method comprises the following steps: a conductive nanometer network is embedded into the upper surface layer through a transfer technology, wherein the composite surface layer provides an electronic channel and a polymer substrate provides flexibility, mechanical properties and shape memory performance; through physical blending or chemical synthesis of polymer for design of the polymeric structure, two transformation temperatures T1 and T2 are obtained; and after forming treatment, two thermal transformations at different temperatures are conducted so as to lead to tri-shape deformation recovery.

Provided are a multi-layered film, a backsheet for a photovoltaic cell, a method of forming the same and a photovoltaic module. The multi-layered film may include a primer layer and a fluoropolymer coating layer formed by coating, and thus the fluoropolymer coating layer, which is a surface layer, may have excellent durability and weather resistance due to an inter-diffusion effect between materials in the respective layers, and a high interface adhesive strength with a substrate and the primer layer. In addition, in the preparation of the multi-layered film, a production cost may be reduced, productivity may be increased, and degradation in quality of a product caused by thermal transformation or heat shock may be prevented. The multi-layered film may be effectively used as a backsheet for various photovoltaic modules.

The invention provides an electric heating compound fabric and a preparation method thereof. The electric heating compound fabric is characterized by comprising an elastic fabric layer, wherein a flexible nano conducting film is adhered on the upper surface of the elastic fabric, and another elastic fabric layer is adhered on the upper surface of the flexible nano conducting film. The prepared high-elastic electric heating compound fabric is light, thin and soft, has good elasticity and can be repeatedly stretched for more than or equal to 10000 times at elongation of 40%; and secondly, the electric heating compound fabric is stable and uniform in heating, thermal transformation efficiency is high, energy is saved, and safety and reliability are realized. Therefore, the electric heating compound fabric can be widely applied to intelligent textile structures and intelligent materials, especially to the field of intelligent wearable materials.

A method for preparing flame-retardant polyester for manufacturing industrial fiber comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out the esterification of monomer terephthalic acid (TPA), ethylene glycol, pentaerythritol ester and a reactive flame-retardant having a structural formula I, wherein R in the structural formula I is hydroxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl of C1 to C4; and 2) sequentially carrying out the pre-polymerization reaction and the polycondensation reaction of the esterification products in the presence of a polycondensation catalyst to obtain the esterification product, that is, the flame-retardant polyester. Nano kaolin particles which serve as a flame-retardant polyester crystallization nucleating agent are added to the reaction system, wherein the nano kaolin particles are added before the esterification or before the pre-polymerization reaction, and the adding amount by the content of the nano kaolin particles existing in the polycondensation products at the end is 0.06 wt% to 1.0 wt%. The deviation of the thermal transformation performance existing between the conventional polyester and the prepared flame-retardant polyester is obviously reduced, so that the conventional polyester fiber manufacturing equipment and the manufacturing process thereof can be adopted to reliably manufacture the flame-retardant industrial fiber.

The present invention relates to a method for fabricating an array of nanoparticle clusters, in which a thermally transformable organic liquid crystal film having a periodic array of micro-sized dimple-like defect structures spontaneously transformed by thermal sublimation of liquid crystal molecules is used as a template, and nanoparticles form self-assembled clusters having a uniform size with respect to the defect structures, thereby achieving a periodic array of nanoparticle clusters.

The invention relates to a flame-retardant polyester compound used for manufacturing industrial polyester fiber which includes the components as follows: a) the polyester of a reaction type flame-retardant which comprises a structural formula as I and is formed by the copolycondensation of terephthalic acid, glycol, pentaerythritol and the flame-retardant. In the formula I, R refers to the hydroxyalkyl or the car boxyalkyl of C1 to C4. The content of the pentaerythritol in the polyester is 0.01 to 0.10wt percent; the content of the flame-retardant in the polyester is 2 to 10wt percent; the characteristic viscidity of the polyester is 0.60 to 0.75 dl/g; b) a nucleating agent which relates to the grain of Nano-Kaolin with an average grain diameter of 200 to 600nm. The nucleating agent is uniformly stored in the polyester compound and the content of the nucleating agent is 0.06 to 1.0wt percent. The departure on the thermal transformation performance existed between the flame-retardant polyester compound and the normal polyester is remarkably reduced; the manufacturing industrial polyester fiber can be produced by adopting the normal polyester fiber manufacture device and technique.

A method for preparing flame-retardant polyester for manufacturing fiber comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out the esterification of monomer terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; and 2) adding a reactive flame retardant having a structural formula I to the esterification products, and sequentially carrying out the pre-polymerization reaction and the polycondensation reaction in the presence of a polycondensation catalyst to obtain the polycondensation product, that is, the flame-retardant polyester, wherein R1 in the structural formula I is alkylidene of C1 to C4, and R2 and R3 are respectively H and hydroxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl of C2 to C4. Nano kaolin particles which serve as a flame-retardant polyester crystallization nucleating agent are added to the reaction system, wherein the nano kaolin particles are added before the esterification or before the pre-polymerization reaction, and the adding amount by the content of the nano kaolin particles existing in the polycondensation products at the end is 0.05 wt% to 0.9 wt%. The deviation of the thermal transformation performance existing between the conventional polyester and the prepared flame-retardant polyester is obviously reduced, so that the conventional polyester fiber manufacturing equipment and the manufacturing process thereof can be adopted to reliably manufacture the flame-retardant fiber.

A device for thermal transformation of one or a plurality of reagents into at least one needed product comprises an axial reactor, a torch part and an injector part, wherein the axial reactor comprises an inlet end, an outlet end, a reaction zone arranged between the inlet end and the outlet end, and a reactor inlet arranged on the inlet end; the torch part is constructed to generate thermal gas; and the injector part is inserted between the torch part and the axial reactor and comprises a thermal gas inlet and at least one reagent inlet.

A method for preparing flame-retardant polyester for manufacturing industrial yarn comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out the esterification of monomer terephthalic acid (TPA), ethylene glycol, pentaerythritol ester and a reactive flame-retardant having a structural formula I, wherein R1 in the structural formula I is alkylidene of C1 to C4, and R2 and R3 are respectively H and hydroxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl of C2 to C4; and 2) sequentially carrying out the pre-polymerization reaction and the polycondensation reaction of the esterification products in the presence of a polycondensation catalyst to obtain the esterification product, that is, the flame-retardant polyester. Nano kaolin particles which serve as a flame-retardant polyester crystallization nucleating agent are added to the reaction system, wherein the nano kaolin particles are added before the esterification or before the pre-polymerization reaction, and the adding amount by the content of the nano kaolin particles existing in the polycondensation products at the end is 0.06 wt% to 1.0 wt%. The deviation of the thermal transformation performance existing between the conventional polyester and the prepared flame-retardant polyester is obviously reduced, so that the conventional polyester fiber manufacturing equipment and the manufacturing process thereof can be adopted to reliably manufacture the flame-retardant industrial yarn.

A method for preparing flame-retardant polyester for manufacturing industrial yarn comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out the esterification of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; and 2) adding pentaerythritol ester and a reactive flame-retardant having a structural formula I to the esterification products, and sequentially carrying out the pre-polymerization reaction and the polycondensation reaction in the presence of a polycondensation catalyst to obtain the flame-retardant polyester, wherein R1 in the structural formula I is alkylidene of C1 to C4, and R2 and R3 are respectively H and hydroxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl of C2 to C4. Nano kaolin particles which serve as a flame-retardant polyester crystallization nucleating agent are added to the reaction system, wherein the average particle diameter thereof is 200 to 600 nm, the nano kaolin particles are added before the esterification or before the pre-polymerization reaction, and the adding amount by the content of the nano kaolin particles existing in the polycondensation products at the end is 0.06 wt% to 1.0 wt%. The deviation of the thermal transformation performance existing between the conventional polyester and the prepared flame-retardant polyester is obviously reduced, so that the conventional polyester fiber manufacturing equipment and the manufacturing process thereof can be adopted to reliably manufacture the flame-retardant polyester industrial yarn.

We present an improved system for solar energy collection and electricity generation, comprising a solar collector apparatus, said apparatus comprising an array of square Fresnel lenses arranged in rows with modular energy absorption devices located below, wherein the array is mounted on arms at a low height above ground, the rows of said array are rotatable horizontally about their lengthwise axis, and the array is mounted on a rotatable base

The system further comprises transportable insulated storage tanks containing a storage medium, Stirling engines and generators. The solar collection apparatus heats the storage medium, the storage medium supplies the Stirling engines with heat, and each engine is coupled to a generator.

In a preferred embodiment, the system additionally comprises embedded controllers using real-time algorithms providing smart on-the-fly management of the system.

The invention discloses methods for preparing a biodegradable body temperature induction material and a degradable body temperature induction memory bioscaffold for 4D printing. The method for preparing the material comprises the steps of preparing multicomponent biodegradable macromolecules, of which terminals are mercapto or norbornenyl, by taking biodegradable macromolecules, of which terminalsare hydroxyl, as a main body. The method for preparing the bioscaffold comprises the steps: subjecting polyfunctional mercapto micromolecules or norbornene micromolecules and the biodegradable body temperature induction material to a norbornene-mercapto photopolymerization reaction through 4D printing, so as to obtain a bioscaffold; and heating the temperature of the bioscaffold to a melting point temperature or be above a vitrification temperature, carrying out compressing along a diametrical direction to reduce a size, and then, fixing a temporary shape nearby a zero temperature, thereby obtaining the degradable body temperature induction memory bioscaffold. The methods have the characteristics of high printing speed, no oxygen inhibition and no shrinkability and have the advantages that the thermal transformation peak width is narrow, the return speed is high, the return temperature is accurate, a controllable degradation rate is also taken into account, and the like.

A method for preparing flame-retardant polyester for manufacturing fiber comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out the esterification of monomer terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and a reactive flame retardant having a structural formula I, wherein R in the structural formula I is hydroxyalkyl or carboxyalkyl of C1 to C4; and 2) sequentially carrying out the pre-polymerization reaction and the polycondensation reaction in the presence of a polycondensation catalyst to obtain the polycondensation product, that is, the flame-retardant polyester. Nano kaolin particles which serve as a flame-retardant polyester crystallization nucleating agent are added to the reaction system, wherein the nano kaolin particles are added before the esterification or before the pre-polymerization reaction, and the adding amount by the content of the nano kaolin particles existing in the polycondensation products at the end is 0.06 wt% to 1.0 wt%. The deviation of the thermal transformation performance existing between the conventional polyester and the prepared flame-retardant polyester is obviously reduced, so that the conventional polyester fiber manufacturing equipment and the manufacturing process thereof can be adopted to reliably manufacture the flame-retardant fiber.

The invention relates to a device and a method for the thermal reshaping of hose blanks from preferably pre-extruded elastic raw hose material, wherein during the reshaping the hose blank is arranged in a shell-like, single- or multi-piece molding tool with a hollow body, wherein the inner side of the hollow body corresponds as a negative to the shape to be impressed onto the hose blank, wherein the tempering of the molding tool that is necessary for reshaping occurs by means of clamp-like tempering elements which are shaped congruently to the outer surface of the mold and which close form-fittingly over the mold, while the molding tool itself does not comprise any tempering system at all, in particular no ducts or other hollow spaces for circulating a tempering medium, and wherein the temperature of each tempering element is kept constant during the process, while, to modify the temperature of the molding tool, a different tempering element with a correspondingly constant temperature is positioned against the molding tool; in the claimed device, the molding tool is free of internal ducts and other hollow spaces for the circulation of a tempering medium, while half or partial shells, which are separate from the mold and which close form-fittingly over the mold, are provided to temper the molding tool, wherein the inner sides of said shells which face the molding tool are congruent with the outer side of said molding tool and wherein the shells comprise an arrangement for keeping the temperature of each tempering element constant during the process, in particular internal hollow spaces for the perfusion of a tempering medium, and wherein at least one mechanism is provided for selectively closing different tempering elements at different temperatures around the molding tool.

A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional fabric and a three-dimensional fabric using the same is provided. The method includes the steps of: selecting at least more than one yarn among nylon6, nylon66 and a super high tenacity yarn to be used as a warp yarn and a filling yarn; weaving the selected warp and filling yarns to produce a basis fabric with ripstops; inserting the basis fabric into a dyer and dyeing the basis fabric by providing a predetermined concentration of a dye at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period, so that a special pattern and a color are expressed on the basis fabric because of a difference in density, material characteristics and thermal transformation temperatures between the warp yarn and the filling yarn; and drying the dyed basis fabric for a predetermined period at room temperature to make the ripstops, the pattern and the color clear without deformation.

The invention relates to a flame-retardant polyester compound used for manufacturing industrial polyester fiber which includes the components as follows: a) the polyester of a reaction type flame-retardant which comprises a structural formula as I is formed by the copolycondensation of terephthalic acid, glycol, pentaerythritol and the flame-retardant. In the formula I, R1 refers to the alkylidene groups of C1 to C4; R2 and R3 respectively refer to the hydroxyalkyl of C2 to C4 or the car boxyalkyl of C2 to C4. The content of the pentaerythritol in the polyester is 0.01 to 0.10wt percent; the content of the flame-retardant in the polyester is 2 to 10wt percent; the characteristic viscidity of the polyester is 0.60 to 0.75 dl/g; b) a nucleating agent which relates to the grain of Nano-Kaolin with an average grain diameter of 200 to 600nm. The nucleating agent is uniformly stored in the polyester compound and the content of the nucleating agent is 0.06 to 1.0wt percent. The departure on the thermal transformation performance existed between the flame-retardant polyester compound and the normal polyester is remarkably reduced; the manufacturing industrial polyester fiber can be produced by adopting the normal polyester fiber manufacture device and technique.