The invention provides a chromite catalyst for trimerization of ethylene into 1-hexene and preparation and application thereof, raw materials for preparing the chromite catalyst comprise chromite organic acid salt, an electron donor, 2, 5-dimethyl pyrrole and a polydentate PNP compound, and at least one of trimethyl aluminum, triethyl aluminum, triisobutyl aluminum, trioctyl aluminum, diethyl aluminum monochloride, ethyl aluminum dichloride, ethyl aluminum sesquichloride, methylaluminoxane, modified methylaluminoxane and ethyl aluminoxane. According to the chromite catalyst, a chromite source is adopted to synthesize a chromite organic metal compound, and the step of reducing trivalent chromium into chromite by aluminum alkyl is reduced by the generated catalyst, so that the active center is ensured to be + 2 valence, the loss of the catalyst is avoided, and meanwhile, the situation that the reaction selectivity is reduced and the product yield is influenced by excessive aluminum alkyl is avoided. Therefore, 1-hexene with high activity and good selectivity is developed, and the operation cost of the 1-hexene device is greatly reduced.