A special pulsed jet cloth filter for tail gas purification of a closed submerged arc furnace comprises an upper box body, a middle box body and an ash bucket, the upper end of the middle box body and the lower end of the upper box body are communicated through a pattern plate and a filter bag, the lower end of the middle box body is communicated with the upper end of the ash bucket, the upper box body and the middle box body are both of a cylindrical structure, and the ash bucket is of a conical structure. An ash removal rotating cover and an ash removal rotating nozzle are arranged in the upper box body and fixed to the lower end of the rotating shaft, a pipe shaft of an ash removal back-blowing pipe is perpendicular to the upper end face of the upper box body and arranged in the center of the upper box body, the ash removal back-blowing pipe is communicated with the upper box body, and a gear motor is fixed to the upper end of the ash removal back-blowing pipe in a sealed mode. The left side of the ash-cleaning back-blowing pipe is communicated with an ash-cleaning spray pipe of the nitrogen ash-cleaning device, the right side of the ash-cleaning back-blowing pipe is communicated with a gas conveying pipe of a back-blowing system, the overlook structure of the ash-cleaning rotary cover is fan-shaped or circular, and a surrounding plate perpendicular to the fan-shaped or circular surface is arranged on the periphery of the fan-shaped or circular surface.