The invention belongs to the technical field of steel coil longitudinal shear printing, and discloses a steel coil longitudinal shear printing management system and method based on big data. The steelcoil longitudinal shear printing management system comprises a coil diameter monitoring module, a steel coil cutting module, a central control module, a steel coil crimping module, a continuous rolling module, an angle adjusting module, an expansion supporting module, a pressure sensing module, a communication module, an anti-skid module, a fault judgment module, an early warning module, an emergency braking module, a data storage module, a terminal module, a power supply module, an illumination module and a display module. According to the steel coil longitudinal shear printing management system, a coil diameter error monitoring module and an automatic adjusting sub-module are arranged in a rolling unit, the problem that the tension error between the two rolling machines is large so thatthe two rolling machines cannot normally run is avoided. According to the steel coil longitudinal shear printing management system, the scrap steel accident caused by the motor fault is automaticallyjudged, the scrap steel is guaranteed to be uniformly accumulated on a roller way, the scrap steel is prevented from tipping or twisting, and a good condition is created for subsequent scrap steel treatment.