The invention relates to a self-cleaning 
fluidized bed heat exchanger which is mainly used for solving the technical problems that in the prior art, the tube pass of a 
decarburization alkaline liquorcooler of an 
ammonia synthesizing device is prone to scaling, and the heat exchange effect is obviously decreased after long-period use. The self-cleaning 
fluidized bed heat exchanger comprises a lower tube box 1, a 
heat exchanger tube 
nest 2, an upper tube box 3, a liquid-
solid separator 4, a particle filtering plate 5, a liquid storing tank 6, a liquid 
circulating pump 7, a downcomer 8, a spraynozzle 9, a horizontal 
pipe 10 and an expanding port 11, wherein the expanding port 11 is installed in the lower tube box 1, the upper tube box 3 is connected with the liquid-
solid separator 4, solidparticles enter the 
spray nozzle 9 through the downcomer 8, and a 
liquid phase overflows from the upper portion of the particle filtering plate 5, enters the liquid storing tank 6 and circulates to the 
spray nozzle 9 through the liquid 
circulating pump 7. According to the technical scheme, the technical problems are well solved, and the self-cleaning 
fluidized bed heat exchanger can be used for prolonging the running cycle of the 
decarburization alkaline liquor cooler of the 
ammonia synthesizing device.