The invention provides a domestic sewage treatment system utilizing the solar energy and a treatment method of the same. The system comprises a solar system, an adjustment pool, a tower-type biofilter and a land treatment system. The method comprises the steps of utilizing the solar energy as a power for sewage circulation, sequentially treating the domestic sewage by the three phases of the adjustment pool, the tower-type biofilter and the land treatment system, and then draining water which reaches the standards. According to the system and the method provided by the invention, compared with the traditional biotreatment technology, microorganisms are fixed on carriers, thus preventing the loss of the microorganisms and reducing the dosage of the microorganisms; the microorganisms are high in activity, fast in reproduction, wide in adaptability and high in degradation capacity, thus increasing the biotreatment efficiency; meanwhile, the circulation of the sewage in the tower-type biofilter is carried out by utilizing the solar energy, thus reducing the running cost.