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139results about How to "Improve lag" patented technology
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Ventilation method and control of a ventilator based on same
InactiveUS7246618B2Prevents de-recruitmentLower Level RequirementsRespiratorsOperating means/releasing devices for valvesAirway pressuresIntensive care medicine
Owner:HABASHI NADER M
Polymer nano-strings
A polymer nano-string composition is provided. The polymer nano-strings can include a poly(alkenylbenzene) core, and a surface layer comprising poly(conjugated diene). The nano-strings have a mean average diameter of less than about 100 nm and a length of greater than about 1 μm.
Owner:BRIDGESTONE CORP
Heterogeneous structure for accumulating or dissipating energy, methods of using such a structure and associated devices
InactiveUS6052992AImprove performanceAvoid compressionHeat storage plantsLiquid springsExternal pressureEngineering
PCT No. PCT / FR95 / 01609 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 6, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 6, 1997 PCT Filed Dec. 6, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96 / 18040 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 13, 1996The invention relates to a heterogeneous structure for energy accumulation-dissipation (10), the structure being constituted by a porous capillary solid matrix (11) of open capillary porosity and of controlled topology, with capillary passages (12) of varying section and / or mutually interconnected to form labyrinths, and by a liquid (13) surrounding the porous capillary matrix and defining a liquid / solid separation surface, with the matrix (11) being lyophobic relative to said liquid. The area of the separation surface then varies isothermally and reversibly as a function of the external pressure to which the heterogeneous structure (10) is subjected.
Owner:D L D INT
Cooperative type active defense system based on honey nets
The invention provides a cooperative type active defense system based on honey nets. The cooperative type active defense system comprises a data capture module, a data analysis module and a data control module and is characterized in that the data capture module, the data analysis module and the data control module are arranged at the center of one honey net and a plurality of sub nets in a distributed mode. The cooperative type active defense system depends on a honey net technology, a cooperative type active defense thought is adopted, attacker information captured by the different honey nets is shared in real time, active defensiveness of a network layer is achieved, defensive initiative and real-time performance are improved, and the cooperative type active defense system is suitable for large-scale enterprise networks. The cooperative type active defense system built through the method is high in defense rate, hit rate and robustness, and time delay from the time that attackers are firstly found to the time that all network deployment and control is achieved is greatly reduced.
Owner:XI AN JIAOTONG UNIV
Silica containing rubber composition
InactiveUS7307121B2Great tractionReduce rolling resistanceSpecial tyresPretreated surfacesElastomerHysteresis
Owner:THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER CO
Rubber containing starch reinforcement and tire having component thereof
InactiveUS6269858B1Enhance tire rolling resistanceImprove lagPaper coatingSpecial tyresPlasticizerTread
The present invention relates to a rubber composition containing a combination of starch, modified starch and / or starch / plasticizer composite together with selected methylene donor and / or methylene acceptor compounds. The invention also relates to tires having at least one component comprised of such rubber composition. Such tire component can be, for example, its circumferential tread or other component of the tire.
Owner:THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER CO
Continuously variable transmission and method of operation thereof
A continuously variable transmission is disclosed comprising a transmission input, a transmission output, and a continuously variable ratio unit (“variator”) arranged to be coupled between the transmission input (205) and output (240) by means of at least one clutch (230,250) thereby to enable transfer of drive between the input and the output at a continuously variable transmission ratio. The variator is connected to a hydraulic control circuit (50) and so subject to a hydraulic control pressure which is adjustable by the control circuit and is also influenced by changes in variator ratio. The variator is constructed and arranged such as to adjust its ratio to provide a variator reaction torque which corresponds to the control pressure. The transmission further comprising means (311,310) for adjusting the torque capacity of the clutch while it is engaged so that by controlling torque loading applied to the variator, the clutch influences the control pressure and the reaction torque.
Owner:ALLISON TRANSMISSION INC
Silica containing rubber composition
InactiveUS20050209370A1Enhanced snow/ice tractionReduce rolling resistanceSpecial tyresOrganic dyesElastomerHydrocarbon solvents
This invention discloses a method for preparing rubber compositions that exhibit unique combinations of properties that are desirable for tire tread applications for enhanced snow / ice and wet traction, low rolling resistance and increased treadwear performance in comparison with conventional silica compounds. Specifically, a high reactively silane coupling agent, such as a mercaptosilane, is used in combination with a silane coupling typically used for silica tread compounds such as bis(triethoxylsilylpropyl)disulfide to treat silica pellets in a hydrocarbon solvent at elevated temperatures. The treated silica is then blended with solution elastomer cement in a hydrocarbon solvent. The deposited reactive silanes partially react with the elastomer molecules forming a layer of polymer grafted on the silica surfaced. This structure significantly improves the silica retention during the steam stripping operation. Almost 100% (99+%) silica retention has been achieved by this invention. After solvent removal from steam stripping, the treated silica / elastomer mixer is dewatered and dried using conventional equipment such as shaker screens, expellers and expanders to form a well-dispersed silica masterbatch. This technique results in silica compounds with excellent silica dispersion and increased filler-polymer interaction, hence enhanced compound performance such as better physical properties, more desirable dynamic properties (low hysteresis at high temperatures and high hysteresis at low temperatures) and increased abrasion resistance.
Owner:THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER CO
Switch having an insulating support
InactiveUS6300860B1Easy to manufactureEasy to useElectrothermal relaysThermal switch detailsEngineeringElectrical current
A switch 10 has an insulating support 16 on which a first and a second external terminal 11, 14 are arranged, and a temperature-dependent switching mechanism 19 that, as a function of its temperature, makes between the first and the second external terminal 11, 14 an electrically conductive connection for an electrical current to be conducted through the switch 10, and having a switching member 22 that changes its geometric shape in temperature-dependent fashion between a closed position and an open position and in its closed position carries the current. An actuating member is connected electrically and mechanically in series with the switching member 22. The first external terminal 11 is connected to a planar cover electrode 12, to which the actuating member is fastened with its first end 25. The cover electrode 12 has on its inner side 32 a flat self-hold resistor that is electrically connected between the cover electrode 12 and the second external terminal 14.
Owner:HOFSASS MARCEL
Winch heave compensation device for ocean floating drilling platform
InactiveCN102943636AReduce incidenceImprove safety and reliabilityDrilling rodsDrilling casingsCompensation effectEngineering
The invention relates to a winch heave compensation device for an ocean floating drilling platform. The device comprises an active compensator and a passive compensator which are arranged on one side of a winch in parallel. The active compensator comprises a first single-rod piston cylinder with a piston rod stretching upwards and a force transducer, wherein two chambers of the first single-rod piston cylinder are connected to a hydraulic system through a three-position four-way magnetic exchange valve, and the force transducer is used for detecting force on a steel wire rope and electrically connected with a force feedback controller which controls exchange actions of the three-position four-way magnetic exchange valve. The passive compensator comprises a second single-rod piston cylinder with a piston rod stretching upwards. Tops of the piston rods of the first piston cylinder and the second piston cylinder are connected onto a movable pulley, a fixed pulley is further arranged on the drilling platform, and the steel wire rope on the winch is connected with a crown block and a traveling block after bypassing the movable pulley and the fixed pulley sequentially. According to the device, the compensation effect that active compensation and passive compensation are mutually synchronous and promoted can be achieved.
Owner:CHINA UNIV OF PETROLEUM (BEIJING)
Golf club
A golf club includes a club head and a club shaft attached to the club head. A plurality of bends which are spaced from one another are formed in the club shaft to define a straight first club shaft segment, a second club shaft segment adjoining and connected to the first club shaft segment extending upwardly from and laterally relative to the first club shaft segment, and a third club shaft segment adjoining and connected to the second club shaft segment and extending upwardly from the laterally relative to the second club shaft segment. The first club shaft segment and the third club shaft segment extend along spaced imaginary lines and the club head is closer to the golfer swinging the golf club than would be the case if the club shaft were straight along the length thereof.
Owner:PARALLEL AXIS GOLF
Dynamic sole pressure test insole with multilayer sensing core structure
InactiveCN101828794AReduce the effective areaHigh strengthInsolesForce measurement using piezo-electric devicesElectricitySignal-to-noise ratio (imaging)
The invention relates to a dynamic sole pressure test insole with a multilayer sensing core structure, which comprises an insole, a signal conditioning unit, a data acquisition unit and a signal display unit, wherein a sensing core structural film sensor unit is embedded into the insole; the sensing core structural film sensor unit is formed by vertically overlapping at least two layers of polyvinylidene fluoride films, and a hard synthetic material film is embedded between contact faces of the sensing core structural film sensor unit and the insole; and the sensing core structural film sensor unit in the insole is connected with the signal conditioning unit, the data acquisition unit and the signal display unit which are sequentially connected in series. The signal-to-noise ratio of a PVDF piezoelectric film sensor and the corresponding lag quality of the test insole on dynamic signals are improved by adopting the multilayer sensing core structure and the design of the spaced material films; and the test insole can be put into various daily worn shoes to perform test, and can provide the basis for biomechanical analysis of human gait and comfort evaluation of shoes.
Owner:DONGHUA UNIV
Switch having an insulating support
InactiveUS6249210B1Easy to manufactureEasy to useElectrothermal relaysThermal switch detailsElectrically conductiveResistor
A switch has an insulating support on which a first and a second external terminal are arranged, and a temperature-dependent switching mechanism that, as a function of its temperature, makes between the first and the second external terminal an electrically conductive connection for an electrical current to be conveyed through the switch, and having a switching member that changes its geometric shape in temperature-dependent fashion between a closed position and an open position and in its closed position carries the current, and an actuating member that is connected electrically and mechanically in series with the switching member. The first external terminal is connected to a planar cover electrode, to which the actuating member is fastened with its first end and on whose inner side is arranged a flat series resistor that is electrically connected between the first external terminal and the first end of the actuating member.
Owner:HOFSASS MARCEL
Tire with tread of spatially defined elastomer composition
InactiveUS20100186859A1Reduce rolling resistanceHigh rebound physical propertySpecial tyresTyre tread bands/patternsElastomerVitrification
Pneumatic rubber tire with an outer, circumferential tread comprised of a cis 1,4-polybutadiene-rich and silica-rich rubber composition which contains specified elastomers with spatially defined glass transition temperatures, in conjunction with silica and specified carbon black reinforcement.
Owner:ZHAO JUNLING +3
Reaction control system for obtaining preferable steering feeling
ActiveUS20060006021A1Preferable steeringFeel stableSteering initiationsDigital data processing detailsControl systemEngineering
A reaction control system controls a reactive force to be applied to an operating device operated by a driver of a vehicle. The system includes a device for measuring a steering speed of steering of the operating device; a device for measuring a steering torque applied to the operating device; and a reactive force correcting device for correcting the reactive force in a manner such that the corrected reactive force increases at least when the measured steering speed is zero, and that the higher the measured steering torque, the higher the corrected reactive force is. The reactive force correcting device may correct the reactive force in a manner such that the higher a speed of the vehicle, the higher the corrected reactive force is. A non-effectivity range of the steering torque in which the corrected reactive force is not influenced by the steering torque may be defined.
Owner:HONDA MOTOR CO LTD
Non-toxic crosslinking reagents to resist curve progression in scoliosis and increase disc permeability
ActiveUS7435722B2Less energy is lostGreat amount of energyBiocideSugar derivativesHysteresisScoliosis
A method of improving the resistance of collagenous tissue to mechanical degradation in accordance with the present invention comprises the step of contacting at least a portion of a collagenous tissue with an effective amount of a crosslinking reagent. Methods and devices for enhancing the body's own efforts to stabilize discs in scoliotic spines by increasing collagen crosslinks. This stability enhancement is caused by reducing the bending hysteresis and increasing the bending stiffness of scoliotic spines, by injecting non-toxic crosslinking reagents into the convex side of discs involved in the scoliotic curve. Alternatively, contact between the tissue and the crosslinking reagent is affected by placement of a time-release delivery system directly into or onto the target tissue. Methods and devices that use crosslinking agents for increasing the permeability of an intervertebral disc, improving fluid flux to the intervertebral disc, and increasing the biological viability of cells within the intervertebral disc are provided.
Owner:SPINAL SIMPLICITY
Actuator element and an actuator for generating a force and/or a movement
InactiveUS20140086772A1Long total linear movementImprove lagStands/trestlesSpecial foundation layoutCoil springHelix
The present invention concerns an actuator element (1) for generating a force and / or a movement, the element (1) comprising at least one cylindrical rubber part (4), at least one helical spring (3) and at least one SMA wire wound to a helical shape (2), the cylindrical rubber part (4) having in its longitudinal direction a cylindrical cavity, the helical spring (3) and the wound SMA wire (2) being arranged around the cylindrical cavity. The invention relates furthermore to a liquid pump, an actuator and a vibration damper for damping vibration comprising an actuator element according to the invention.
Owner:JOLTECH
Direct application of non-toxic crosslinking reagents to resist progressive spinal deformity
InactiveUS20070183973A1Improve stabilityIncreased bending stiffnessBiocidePharmaceutical delivery mechanismHysteresisCollagen crosslink
A method of improving the resistance of collagenous tissue to mechanical degradation in accordance with the present invention comprises the step of contacting at least a portion of a collagenous tissue with an effective amount of a crosslinking reagent. Methods and devices for enhancing the body's own efforts to stabilize discs in scoliotic and other progressively deforming spines by increasing collagen crosslinks. This stability enhancement is caused by reducing the bending hysteresis and increasing the elasticity and bending stiffness of progressively deforming spines, by injecting non-toxic crosslinking reagents into the convex side of discs involved in the potential or progressing deformity curve. Alternatively, contact between the tissue and the crosslinking reagent is effected by placement of a time-release delivery system directly into or onto the target tissue. Methods and devices that use crosslinking agents for increasing the permeability of an intervertebral disc, improving fluid flux to the intervertebral disc, and increasing the biological viability of cells within the intervertebral disc are provided.
Owner:SPINAL SIMPLICITY
Graphene modified nitrile rubber and preparation method thereof
ActiveCN110343299ASolve the problem of poor high and low temperature resistanceImprove mechanical propertiesNitrile rubberPolymer science
The invention belongs to the technical field of graphene rubber composite materials, and provides a graphene modified nitrile rubber and a preparation method thereof. The graphene modified nitrile rubber is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 70-90 parts of a nitrile rubber, 10-30 parts of a modified graphene oxide-carboxyl nitrile rubber master batch, 1.5-2 parts of a vulcanizing agent, 0.5-2.0 parts of a vulcanizing accelerator, 3-5 parts of a vulcanizing activator, 1-3 parts of a plasticizer, 1-2 parts of an antioxidant and 20-30 parts of fillers; and the modified graphene oxide-carboxyl nitrile rubber master batch is prepared from the modified graphene oxide and further prepared from carboxyl nitrile rubber latex, wherein mercapto-siloxane after hydrolysis reactswith the graphene oxide by being subjected to dehydration synthesis, and the modified graphene oxide is obtained. Through the technical scheme, the problem of poor high and low temperature resistanceof the nitrile rubber in the prior art is solved.
Owner:石家庄贝克密封科技股份有限公司 +1
Brominated butyl rubber dielectric elastomer composite material and preparation method thereof
The invention relates to a brominated butyl rubber dielectric elastomer composite material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps that 100 parts of brominated butyl rubber, 1.5-9 parts of a vulcanization system, 10-50 parts of high-dielectric ceramic packing and 10-50 parts of a polarity plasticizer are blended by mass, even mixing is performed at the temperature of 20 DEG C-60 DEG C, slice discharging is performed, mixed rubber stands for 7-16 h at room temperature and then is vulcanized on a plate vulcanizer, and the brominated butyl rubber dielectric elastomer composite material is prepared. According to the brominated butyl rubber dielectric elastomer composite material and the preparation method thereof, the brominated butyl rubber is taken as a matrix, the dielectric ceramic packing with the high dielectric constant and the small-molecule polarity plasticizer are added into the matrix, and the prepared dielectric elastomer composite material has the advantages of being high in dielectric constant, low in elasticity modulus and excellent in ductility; meanwhile, high electrodeformation can be obtained in a lower external electric field, and the condition that in a traditional method, a dielectric elastomer only can generate high electrodeformation under the high voltage is improved.
Owner:BEIJING INSTITUTE OF PETROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
System and method for achieving electronic invoice
InactiveCN103500411APrevent illegal useAdapt to virtualizationBilling/invoicingInvoiceComputer terminal
The invention belongs to the field of communication, and particularly relates to a system and method for achieving an electronic invoice. The system for achieving the electronic invoice comprises a consumption information acquisition generation module, a communication information acquisition generation module and a sending module. The method for achieving the electronic invoice includes the steps of achieving the electronic invoice in a card swiping consumption mode and achieving the electronic invoice in a cash consumption mode and includes the following steps of (1) acquiring and generating consumption information, selecting the consumption modes, namely selecting a card swiping consumption checkout mode or a cash consumption checkout mode, (2) acquiring and generating communication information, (3) sending, namely sending generated electronic bills to a communication equipment terminal of a consumer. Through the electronic invoice, the consumer does not need to worry that the invoice is lost, the phenomenon that the invoice is unclearly issued can be avoided, and the electronic invoice is convenient to use and store.
Owner:王亚君
Short-term wind speed prediction method based on EEMD and LSTM
InactiveCN110555515AFit closelyVerify validityForecastingNeural architecturesHysteresisDecomposition
The invention discloses a short-term wind speed prediction method based on EEMD and LSTM. Based on a wind speed prediction model combining ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network, the method decomposes a wind speed sequence through EEMD to acquire a stable subsequence is obtained. The property of original data is well reserved. Errors causedby traditional empirical mode EMD mode aliasing are optimized. The method is combined with an LSTM prediction model, the hysteresis quality of the LSTM prediction model is improved, the efficiency ishigher compared with a traditional method, and meanwhile prediction errors can be effectively reduced.
Owner:南京信大气象科学技术研究院有限公司
Racing car tire tread rubber composition with high road holding and high control performance
ActiveCN110372929AImprove wet skid resistanceImprove grip performanceSpecial tyresAntioxidantPolystyrene
The invention relates to a racing car tire tread rubber composition with high road holding and high control performance. The racing car tire tread rubber composition is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 27.5-68.75 parts of high styrene emulsion polybutadiene rubber, 27.5-68.75 parts of high styrene soluble polystyrene butadiene rubber, 20-40 parts of styrene-soluble styrene-butadiene rubber, 60-90 parts of super-abrasive-resisting carbon black, 30-50 parts of white carbon black, 2-8 parts of a silane coupling agent, 0-30 parts of aromatic oil, 2-4 parts of zinc oxide,1-3 parts of stearic acid, 2-6 parts of an antioxidant, 5-10 parts of road holding resin, 5-20 parts of liquid styrene-butadiene rubber, 1-2 parts of sulfur and 1.6-4.0 parts of an accelerator. The racing car tire tread rubber composition is excellent in wet road holding performance and dry road holding performance, the control performance is further excellent, the racing car tire tread rubber composition is superior than all of tread rubber compositions in the prior art, and the problem of insufficient road holding of tires during high-speed turning or lane-changing is solved.
Owner:SAILUN GRP CO LTD
Perturbation-observation-based self-learning engine torque control system and method thereof
ActiveCN107989708AImprove transient response speedImprove overshoot and hysteresis issuesElectrical controlMachines/enginesSelf adaptiveDynamic models
The invention provides a perturbation-observation-based self-learning engine torque control system and a method for the perturbation-observation-based self-learning engine torque control system and provides the engine torque control method which combines active perturbation control and dynamic feedforward control. On the one hand, a dynamic model from a control target to control input is directlyestablished, and the model is used for the design of the feedforward control; on the other hand, on the basis of the feedforward control, an ADRC feedback control unit is designed for engine torque control, and the internal and external total perturbation of the system can be observed and compensated in real time. The perturbation-observation-based self-learning engine torque control system and the method for the perturbation-observation-based self-learning engine torque control system have the beneficial effects that on the basis of an estimation and compensation method of total perturbation,an accurate engine torque model is not needed, an approximate estimate of the engine torque order is just needed, a control algorithm is convenient to design, the algorithm is high in parameter adjusting and robustness, the transient torque control performance can be effectively improved, and the adaptive performance of the algorithm is improved.
Owner:TIANJIN UNIV
Tire with tread of polybutadiene rubber
InactiveUS7956146B2Good coefficientIncrease resistanceSpecial tyresInflatable tyresEngineeringReinforced rubber
Owner:THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER CO
Tire with tread of polybutadiene rubber
Pneumatic rubber tire intended for heavy duty service having a cap / base configured tread with a silica-containing specialized cis 1,4-polybutadiene rubber-rich tread cap rubber layer.
Owner:ZHAO JUNLING
Preparing method of electrolyte for lithium thionyl chloride cell
InactiveCN1622383AHigh purityLess side effectsFinal product manufactureOrganic electrolyte cellsEnvironmental chemistryVoltage
The present invention is improved preparation process of electrolyte for lithium thionyl chloride. The SOCl2 solution is first rectified, then added with LiAlCl4 and metal lithium and heated and reflux purified for at least 12 hr, SO2 gas is injected into the solution, and in dry environment, the solution is filtered to prepare the electrolyte. The electrolyte has raised purity and can improve the voltage lag state of the lithium cell effectively.
Owner:武汉孚特电子科技有限公司
Unit integrated control method and system based on area control error of power grid
ActiveCN108767894ATo achieve the purpose of saving energy and reducing consumptionImprove lagSingle network parallel feeding arrangementsDead zone nonlinearityCombustion
The embodiment of the invention discloses a unit integrated control method and system based on the area control error of a power grid. The unit integrated control method based on the area control error of the power grid comprises the following steps: calculating the area control error ACE according to the power changes between interconnected power grids and the frequency changes of the power grids; obtaining the adjusting times of the unit according to the area control error ACE combined with a dead-time non-linear function of historical data of the power grid operation; obtaining the load adjustment range according to the adjusting times, and predicting the pressure variation of the main steam pressure of the unit caused by AGC adjusting; calculating the deviation value between the set value of the main steam pressure and the measured value of the main steam pressure of the unit, and performing summation operation on the deviation value and the predicted pressure variation to obtain the predicted fluctuation value of the main steam pressure; and controlling the unit adjustment speed according to the predicted fluctuation value of the main steam pressure. The invention judges the range of the action required by the unit and whether the energy of the unit is enough to ensure the performance of the adjustment or not in advance, and filters out unnecessary combustion adjustment atthe boiler side of the unit such as air, coal and water, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction.
Owner:ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF STATE GRID SHANDONG ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY +2
High performance tyre
A tire for wheels of vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, is described. The tire has a tread with at least one iso-styrene / trans-butadiene elastomeric copolymer with a styrene content higher than 30% by weight with respect to the total weight of copolymer and a molecular weight higher than 500,000. The tread has improved dynamic-mechanical behaviour at high temperatures, with higher dynamic modulus and hysteresis values, and at the same time better properties at break, optimum elasticity at low temperature and higher abrasion resistance.
Owner:PIRELLI TYRE SPA
Calculation Method of Pitching Bending Moment of Shield Cutterhead Under Geological Conditions of Upper and Lower Layers
ActiveCN102289588AImprove lagScientific and effective technical guidanceSpecial data processing applicationsHysteresisEngineering
The invention discloses a method for computing the pitching bending moment of a shield knife flywheel under upper-lower lamination geological conditions. The method disclosed by the invention comprises the following three steps: (1) judging the geological lamination conditions of an excavated surface, wherein the excavated surface is divided into an upper geological layer and a lower geological layer; the working condition 1 indicates that the geological cladding depth of the upper layer is less than the radius of the knife flywheel; the working condition 2 indicates that the geological cladding depth of the upper layer is larger than the radius of the knife flywheel; (2) if the working condition 1 is determined, computing the pitching bending moment M1 of the knife flywheel under the working condition 1; and (3) if the working condition 2 is determined, computing the pitching bending moment M2 of the knife flywheel under the working condition 2, wherein different computational formulas are used under the different working conditions. In the method disclosed by the invention, pitching bending moment control targets in engineering lines are determined in advance according to the geological lamination conditions and can be adjusted at any time along with the change of the geological conditions and the operating states in the excavating course, thereby improving the hysteresis ofa traditional control method and providing scientific and effective technical guidance for maintaining the effective and safe linear forwarding of a shield.
Owner:TIANJIN UNIV
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