The invention provides an in-situ synthesis method for regulating and controlling surface and interface pores and properties of a carbon membrane, which comprises four steps of carbon membrane pretreatment, introduction of a pre-preparation, in-situ synthesis and post-treatment: carbon membrane pretreatment: drying the carbon membrane to constant weight at a constant temperature, and then degassing the carbon membrane to obtain a carbon membrane suspension; preparing a pre-preparation: selecting one or more of dopamine, polyvinyl alcohol, ferric trichloride, tannic acid, hydrochloric acid, water, tromethamine, glutaraldehyde, sodium hydroxide and ferric chloride hexahydrate as the pre-preparation, preparing the pre-preparation into a solution, and performing one of a complete impregnation method, a surface impregnation method and a vacuum-assisted impregnation method to prepare the pre-preparation; the pre-preparation is introduced into the surface or pores of the pre-treated carbon membrane, so that the problems of poor pore structure and surface properties of the carbon membrane and poor separation performance of the carbon membrane on oily wastewater purification treatment when the existing carbon membrane is used for separating an oil-water mixture can be solved.