The invention discloses a method for detecting contents of calcium and magnesium in natural limestone. The method for detecting contents of calcium and magnesium in natural limestone comprises the following steps: weighing 2g of a sample and placing the sample in a beaker, adding water for wetting, adding a hydrochloric acid solution for boiling, boiling for 15 minutes, carrying out a cooling to room temperature, adding a 1+1 ammonia-water solution for adjusting till floc generates, mixing the solution, filtering with filter paper, fetching 25.00ml of the filtered sample solution, adding 50mL of water, adding 5.0mL of triethanolamine solution, adding a drop of malachite green solution (1%), adding a sodium hydroxide solution (100g / L) for adjusting till the blue green color in the solution disappears, carrying out a heating for boiling, after boiling, carrying out a continuous heating with soft fire for about 5 minutes, after cooling, adding a few of calcium indicators, and carrying out a titration with an EDTA standard solution till the solution color changes into blue which is the terminal point from red; according to the invention, a malachite green solution is used for accurately controlling the pH value of magnesium deposition condition and the pH value of titration system terminal point, and the method provided by the invention is convenient, rapid and accurate; the step of heating, boiling and micro-boiling for 5 minutes is used for ensuring complete deposition of magnesium; the detection method is simple, rapid, and has stable determination results and good recovery rates.