The invention discloses a super-junction stress Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor with a high thermostability. A SiGe virtual substrate structure is adopted by the transistor; and a Si<1-y>Ge<y> secondary collector region, a relaxation Si<1-y>Ge<y> collector region, a stress Si<1-x>Ge<x> base region and a stress Si emitter region are respectively and epitaxially grown on the SiGe virtual substrate structure. According to the transistor, by introducing a super-junction p-type layer parallel to the stress Si<1-x>Ge<x> base region to the relaxation Si<1-y>Ge<y> collector region, the purposes of improving the electric field distribution in a collector junction space-charge region, reducing the peak electronic temperature, inhibiting the impact ionization and improving a device breakdown voltage are achieved; and meanwhile, with the introduction of the super-junction p-type layer, the doping concentration and the phonon scattering rate of the relaxation Si<1-y>Ge<y> collector region are effectively reduced, and the thermal conductivity of the relaxation Si<1-y>Ge<y> collector region is improved; the transistor has the characteristics of large current gain and high breakdown voltage; the internal temperature distribution is significantly reduced, the characteristic frequency and the temperature sensibility are improved, and the high-thermostability work can be realized in a relatively wide working temperature range.