The invention relates to an active Q-switched fiber laser pulse width adjusting system, and belongs to the technical field of photoelectrons. The system comprises a pump laser, a reflective fiber bragg grating, a doped fiber, a fiber power stripper, an acousto-optic fiber Q switch, an output fiber bragg grating, an acousto-optic fiber Q switch driver, a pump laser driving power supply and a control unit, the pump laser, the reflective fiber bragg grating, the doped fiber, the fiber power stripper, the acousto-optic fiber Q switch and the output fiber bragg grating are sequentially connected inseries; the pump laser driving power supply, the control unit and the acousto-optic optical fiber Q switch driver are sequentially connected in series; the pump laser driving power supply is communicated with the pump laser; the acousto-optic optical fiber Q switch driver is communicated with the acousto-optic optical fiber Q switch; according to the invention, the Q switch turn-on time is optimized, 10ns-level pulse width and higher power output can be obtained, and tunable pulse width output can be obtained through a table look-up method.