The invention relates to a short intelligent-control hoist type lifting oil extraction system with an ultra long stroke and a working method. The oil extraction system comprises a motor, a winding drum, a fixed pulley, a derrick, a slide and swing device, a control assembly, an oil extraction rope and a down-hole multi-stage plunger ultra long stroke oil well pump; the control assembly controls the motor to start, rotate forwards and backwards and halt for waiting according to set parameters such as the stroke, down-hole liquid pressure, halt waiting time and the like; the winding drum is driven to rotate forwards and backwards and halt, the oil extraction rope on the winding drum drives multi-stage plungers of the down-hole multi-stage plunger ultra long stroke oil well pump to reciprocate at the set stroke in an ultra long pump cylinder, a whole well operation mode that a plunger of a conventional hoist type bailing oil extraction device lifts a well liquid from the well bottom to the well mouth is changed, a non whole well operation mode is realized, the whole unit structure is compact, the size is small, material consumption is reduced, energy is saved, the cost is reduced remarkably, and one-time investment of an oil well can be reduced by almost 40%. The short intelligent-control hoist type lifting oil extraction system with the ultra long stroke is applicable to a deep well, a stripper well and a heavy oil well, and the oil well yield-increasing effect is improved remarkably.