53 results about "Cryogenic temperature" patented technology

Plant and method for producing hydrogen at cryogenic temperature, comprising: an electrolyzer; a hydrogen circuit to be cooled, comprising an upstream end connected to the hydrogen outlet and a downstream end to be connected to a member for collecting cooled and / or liquefied hydrogen, the plant also comprising a set of heat exchanger(s) in heat exchange with the hydrogen circuit to be cooled, the plant comprising at least one cooling device in heat exchange with at least a portion of the set of heat exchanger(s), the plant further comprising an oxygen circuit comprising an upstream end connected to the oxygen outlet and a downstream end, the oxygen circuit comprising a system for expanding the oxygen stream and at least one heat exchange between the expanded oxygen stream and the hydrogen circuit to be cooled, characterized in that the oxygen circuit comprises at least one oxygen compressor arranged upstream of the oxygen stream expansion system, the oxygen stream expansion system comprising an expansion turbine and in that said expansion turbine and said compressor are coupled to the same rotating shaft to transfer expansion work from the pressurized oxygen stream to the compressor in order to compress the oxygen stream upstream of the turbine.

Systems and methods are directed toward low temperature testing of motion, vibration, or force responses of test fixtures. For cryogenic shock testing, a test object can be secured on a test apparatus, such as a test fixture of a shock table. An elongated enclosure, such as a flexible tube, can be connected between the test fixture and a laser vibrometer, positioned orthogonal to a surface normal at a test region of the test fixture to enable light emitted by the vibrometer to be reflected from the test region back to the vibrometer. A flow of purge gas can be introduced into the tube, proximate the test fixture, to direct moisture away from the test fixture. The flow can prevent condensation or ice from forming on the surface of the test fixture at the cryogenic temperature. A shock event can be simulated, and the response of the test region measured by the laser vibrometer. The impact of the shock event on the test object can then be observed.

A method for thermal processing bullets to reduce adhesive stress, the method includes obtaining one or more bullets configured to be propelled down a gun barrel, disposing the one or more bullets within a chamber having a temperature gradient between ambient temperature and cryogenic temperature, the chamber having a plurality of temperature zones, moving the one or more bullets between the plurality of temperature zones of the chamber, and returning the one or more bullets to the ambient temperature to reduce adhesive stress between the bullets and the gun barrel.

The invention discloses a cryogenic heat treatment method for reducing elastic hysteresis of 40CrNiMo alloy, which comprises the following steps of: (1) quenching the 40CrNiMo alloy at the quenching temperature of 850 DEG C, preserving heat for 1 hour, and cooling to room temperature by adopting a 10% PAG solution; (2) the quenched 40CrNiMo alloy is subjected to tempering treatment, the tempering temperature ranges from 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C, heat preservation is conducted for 3 h, and after heat preservation is completed, air cooling is conducted to the room temperature; and (3) the tempered 40CrNiMo alloy is subjected to subzero treatment, the subzero temperature ranges from-180 DEG C to-196 DEG C, the heat preservation time ranges from 12 h to 24 h, and then the temperature is naturally increased to the room temperature. According to the method, conventional quenching and tempering processes are combined with subzero treatment, so that the elastic lag of the 40CrNiMo alloy steel is effectively reduced.

A thermalization arrangement at cryogenic temperatures is dislcosed. The arrangement comprises a dielectric substrate layer on which substrate a device / s or component / s are positionable, and a heat sink component is attached on another side of the substrate. The arrangement further comprises a conductive layer between the substrate layer and the heat sink component. A joint between the substrate layer and the conductive layer has minimal phonon thermal boundary resistance. Energy of conductive layer phonons are arranged to be absorbed by electrons. Another joint between the conductive layer and the heat sink component is electrically conductive. The substrate layer and the conductive layer have similar acoustic properties.

Disclosed are container and cap assemblies for cryogenic storage of materials at temperatures below negative 150° C. The container and cap assemblies disclosed maintain container closure integrity and fluid-tightness at ambient and cryogenic temperatures, optionally to preserve biologically active substances stored therein.

An apparatus includes a substrate support for holding a substrate at a cryogenic temperature during etching, a plasma source configured to generate a plasma located above the substrate support, an ion acceleration grid located between the plasma source and the substrate support, wherein the ion acceleration grid is configured to apply a potential difference that, during etching, accelerates ions from the plasma toward the substrate support, and an inlet for an etchant process gas, wherein the inlet is located between the ion acceleration grid and the substrate support.

To provide a flexible member in which thermal conductivity at an extremely low temperature is improved more than before, and to provide a method for producing the same.SOLUTION: A flexible member, which is a stranded wire or a braided wire comprising a plurality of aluminum wires satisfying the following formulae (1) and (2): 0.04 ≤ X ≤ 50 (1) Y ≥ 4.9 * 10 - 4 * X2 + 6.8 * 10 - 2 * X + 1.6 * 10 - 1 (2) In Expressions (1) and (2), X is an arithmetic average (mass ppm) of a total content of Fe, Si, Cu, Mg, Ti, Mn, Zn, and Ga that are each a main impurity in the plurality of aluminum wires, and Y is an arithmetic average wire diameter (mm) of the plurality of aluminum wires.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Cryogenic analytical systems are provided that can include: a cryogenic fluid source; one or more analysis components; at least one cryogenic thermal conduit operably coupled between the cryogenic fluid source and the one or more analysis components; and a pressure control component operably engaged with the cryofluid source. Methods for performing cryogenic analysis are provided. The methods can include adjusting the pressure of cryofluid within a cryogenic fluid source to configure one or more analysis components with a cryogenic temperature. Methods for configuring a cryogenic analytical system to perform cryogenic analysis are also provided. The methods can include: increasing the pressure within a cryogenic fluid source to rapidly cool one or more analysis components to a first temperature; and decreasing the pressure within the cryogenic fluid source to reduce the first temperature of the one or more analysis components.

An electro-optical device includes a substrate and a waveguide on the substrate. The waveguide includes a layer stack including a plurality of electro-optical material layers interleaved with a plurality of intermediate layers, a waveguide core adjacent to the layer stack, a waveguide cladding, and a pair of electrodes in electrical contact with the plurality of electro-optical material layers. The plurality of intermediate layers maintain a first crystal lattice structure at room temperature and at a cryogenic temperature. The plurality of electro-optical material layers maintain a second crystal lattice structure and a crystalline phase at room temperature and at the cryogenic temperature.

The present application pertains to a photonic in-plane chip coupling product including a support with a first and a second stack, each comprising a carrier and an optical component. The first stack has a carrier with a mounting surface and an opposing carrier surface carrying the first optical component, which has a first guided optical mode. Likewise, the second stack has a carrier and an optical component, featuring a second guided optical mode. These stacks are aligned so that the centers of their respective mode field distributions coincide. To minimize or compensate for thermal deformation, at least one carrier in each stack includes layers of different materials with mutually different thermal expansion coefficients and thicknesses. Therewith a total thermal deformation between the mounting surfaces and the centers of the mode field distributions is minimized.

The present specification describes a cryogenic temperature sensor comprising: a sample of superconductor material; a current source configured to pass a current through the sample of superconductor material; and a voltage sensor configured to sense a voltage across the superconductor material sample. The temperature sensor further comprises a control unit configured to: control the current source to vary the current through the sample of superconductor material over time while the voltage sensor senses the voltage across the sample of superconductor material; detecting a change in the sensing voltage; and calculating the temperature of the superconductor material sample based on the detected current value at which the sensed voltage changes.

A surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) resonator includes a substrate formed from an anisotropic crystal and first and second acoustic reflectors disposed on a surface of the substrate. The first and second acoustic reflectors face each other to form an acoustic cavity whose axis is aligned with a crystallographic orientation of the anisotropic crystal such that the SAW resonator is minimally diffracting at cryogenic temperatures. The substrate may be a piezoelectric crystal, in which case the acoustic cavity can be excited by driving electrodes located on the surface of the substrate. Since the SAW resonator is minimally diffracting, it has less loss, and therefore can achieve higher Qs, than SAW resonators based on other crystallographic orientations.

The systems and methods include providing an O-ring assembly for an assembly. The seal assembly includes at least a second O-ring, a spacer arranged axially adjacent to the O-ring, and a third O-ring arranged axially adjacent to the spacer. The seal assembly is located between a probe and the assembly housing and is configured to provide an O-ring seal between the probe and the housing during operation of the assembly at cryogenic temperatures, during exposure of at least a portion of the seal assembly to cryogenic temperatures, during a pressure change, during a temperature change, or a combination thereof.

A rare-earth-doped antiferromagnetic crystal is disclosed, designed to achieve long optical coherence times and enable coherent coupling between optical and magnon modes. The crystal includes a host lattice, such as gadolinium vanadate, gadolinium oxide, or gadolinium silicate, which is antiferromagnetic below a Néel temperature and is doped with a second rare-earth ion, such as erbium. By operating at cryogenic temperatures, electron spins in the host are magnetically ordered, providing a quiet magnetic environment that minimizes decoherence for the dopant ions. The system achieves long optical coherence times for the rare-earth dopant ions, supporting robust quantum memory and communication. Additionally, coherent coupling between the optical transitions of the dopant and magnon modes of the host enables efficient microwave-to-optical quantum transduction. Isotopic purification of the host and / or dopant ions can further reduce nuclear spin noise, enhancing coherence times.

This invention belongs to the field of sensor technology, specifically disclosing a calibration Dewar structure for a low-temperature temperature sensor. The structure, housed within a Dewar, includes a heat sink, a cold head, and several pull rods. The cold head is located on top of the heat sink, and at least two cold heads are provided. One end of each pull rod is connected to the heat sink, and the other end is connected to the upper interior of the Dewar. This invention provides a calibration Dewar structure for a low-temperature temperature sensor. The multi-cold-head layout expands the heat exchange area, accelerates the cooling rate, and solves the problem of insufficient accuracy in simultaneous calibration of multiple sensors. The suspended pull rod structure removes the load-bearing burden from the cold heads, avoiding fatigue damage, performance degradation, and failure risks caused by long-term load-bearing, reducing system maintenance costs, and improving the continuity and reliability of calibration work.

A method for making a superconducting, electrically conductive solder column that is mechanically compliant and capable of operating at low cryogenic temperatures for quantum computing and AI computing in datacenters and at elevated temperatures for applications found in extraterrestrial space exploration. The solder column can have an indium alloy core and a surface covered by a braided structure comprising a plurality of small diameter niobium wires coated with a thin layer of indium-alloy. The niobium braided structure can limit deformation of the indium alloy core when the solder column structure is subjected to elevated temperatures exceeding a liquidus temperature of the indium alloy core during the coating process and during post-manufacturing operations. The braided niobium wires can limit the deformation of the indium alloy core when the column structure falls below the ductile to brittle transition temperature during exposure to low cryogenic temperatures.

The present invention relates to system for controlled cooling of tribotest chamber to cryogenic temperatures, wherein temperature inside enclosed chamber can be reduced to -150 °C through recirculation of filtered and dried compressed air throughout enclosed chamber, temperature inside tribotest chamber can be maintained throughout a test run, and comprises a compressor at least one pressure regulator (12) and pressure gauge (11) wherein pressure adjustment is made for a stream of air which was first pressurized in the compressor (14) and then conducted through air conduction tube (8) and open gate of solenoid valve (13), at least one radiator (7) immersed in liquid nitrogen inside liquid nitrogen tank (6) wherein pressure-adjusted air passed through air filter (10) and drying filter (9) is cooled by recirculation via heat conduction method, at least one tribotest chamber (1) where cooled compressed air is conveyed via at least one heat-insulated tube (5), at least one thermocouple probe (2) which measures ambient temperature inside tribotest chamber (1) instantaneously, a PLC unit which reads the temperature value measured by thermocouple probe (2) and adjusts temperature level.

The high-boiling-point low-conductivity ultralow-temperature secondary refrigerant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5%-10% of antifreeze protein, 8%-15% of weak conductive salt, 1%-3% of a low-temperature protective agent, 0.15%-2.1% of a pH regulator, 15%-25% of a high-boiling-point aid and the balance of water, the weak conductive salt is sodium acetate and sodium propionate; the low-temperature protective agent is a trehalose or protease inhibitor; the pH regulator is composed of citric acid and sodium hydroxide; the high-boiling-point auxiliary agent is ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. The finally prepared secondary refrigerant is not prone to layering and solidification at the ultralow temperature, higher in stability, capable of avoiding system pressure sudden rise caused by boiling of the secondary refrigerant at the high temperature, low in conductivity, capable of using electricity safely, capable of avoiding the risk of electric leakage, low in corrosion rate and capable of avoiding corrosion loss of a traditional acid / alkaline secondary refrigerant to equipment and prolonging the service life of a system.

The present application relates to the technical fields of cryogenic packaging, and particularly relates to a deep cryogenic temperature measuring element packaging structure, which comprises a multilayer ceramic base and a packaging cover plate. The multilayer ceramic base comprises at least one ceramic layer and a top metal protective layer which are stacked in a vertical direction. On the bottom ceramic layer of the multilayer ceramic base, a temperature measuring element mounting area for mounting the deep cryogenic temperature measuring element is arranged. Around the temperature measuring element mounting area, an electrical signal lead-out electrode and a packaging cover plate mounting area are arranged. The surface of the electrical signal lead-out electrode has a solderable metal layer. The packaging cover plate is fixedly installed on the packaging cover plate mounting area and is used to cover the deep cryogenic temperature measuring element after the deep cryogenic temperature measuring element is mounted on the temperature measuring element mounting area. The present application also comprises a method. The present application has the advantages of simple structure, reliable operation, convenient use, effective protection of the lead wire and the body of the deep cryogenic temperature measuring element, convenient disassembly and reuse, and compatibility with the cementing process in the traditional scheme to realize the fixed connection with the surface to be measured.

The invention relates to a Mn-Ni-Sn-Cu series shape memory alloy and a preparation method of the Mn-Ni-Sn-Cu series shape memory alloy. The chemical formula of the alloy is Mn2NiSn (1-x) Cux, wherein x is more than or equal to 0.725 and less than or equal to 0.85, and x represents the number of Cu atoms in the chemical formula; the shape memory alloy is in the form of a rapid quenching polycrystalline thin strip, and the thickness of the shape memory alloy is about 30-60 microns. A conventional electric arc melting-rapid quenching process flow is adopted in the preparation method, and the preparation method is simple, convenient and feasible. The martensite phase transformation temperature of the material covers the range of 55-316 K through Cu content change, and the application requirement from a liquid nitrogen cryogenic temperature zone to the room temperature can be met; in addition, as a common metal element which is widely used, Cu is low in price, and as a doping element, Cu is beneficial to keeping the advantage of low cost of the Mn-Ni-Sn alloy.

A sample preparation method and device for preparing a vitrified sample layer (1) on a sample holder grid (3) for subsequent analysis of physical sample characteristics, particularly for subsequent cryo electron microscopy, are presented The method comprises: providing the sample holder grid (3) with sample solution (5) on at least one surface of the sample holder grid (3); - spreading the dispensed sample solution (5) along the surface (7) of the sample holder grid (3) using one or a sequence of multiple shock pressure waves (9) being generated by a shock pressure wave generator (11) emitting and directing the one or multiple shock pressure waves (9) via at least one nozzle (13) onto the surface (7) of the sample holder grid (3); - vitrifying the spread sample solution (5) by exposing it to a cooling liquid (17) at cryogenic temperatures.

The application discloses a kind of deep cold temperature zone solid-liquid-gas three-state combination point insulating material flashover characteristic testing device, including test cavity, sample table, pressurization and current monitoring module, temperature control module, gas pressure control module and low-temperature liquid control module;Wherein, sample table is set in test cavity and connects sample table lifting device control test sample height, test cavity is used to provide low-temperature solid-liquid-gas three-state coexistence test environment, pressurization and current monitoring module is used to apply electric field on test sample surface and monitor current change, record flashover current waveform and protect circuit;Temperature control module is used to heat test sample single point and construct temperature gradient, and test sample different position temperature is monitored;Gas pressure control module is used to adjust gas phase environment gas pressure;Low-temperature liquid control module is used to regulate low-temperature liquid liquid level height.Can be carried out to insulating material in deep cold temperature zone solid-liquid-gas three-state combination point different low-temperature liquid, gas pressure, temperature gradient under insulating material surface direct current, alternating current and pulse flashover test.

The invention relates to a method for performing electrical measurements on a sample at low temperatures wherein a sample holder (2) with a sample and at least one probe needle (3) are moved with respect to each other, for performing an electrical measurement on the sample. The invention further relates to a measurement system (100) for performing electrical measurements on a sample, a computer program and a use of the measurement system (100).

The invention relates to a method for operating an MR device with an MR magnet coil system, having the following steps: measuring a current temperature T of the magnet ist and comparing T ist with a first temperature setpoint T1 soll and, from the first temperature setpoint, carrying out a pumpdown of the vacuum vessel; if T ist > T1 soll , activating a vacuum pump and opening a first shut-off valve in a vacuum line of the vacuum pump to the vacuum vessel; measuring a current pressure P in the vacuum vessel ist and comparing P ist with a first pressure setpoint P1 soll at which the magnet coil system should be cooled to a cryogenic temperature; if P ist < P1 soll , activating a cooling head in order to cool a cooling arm; measuring a current temperature T on the magnet coil system ist and comparing T ist with T1 soll ; if T ist < T1 soll , switching off the first shut-off valve and the vacuum pump; measuring a current temperature T on the magnet ist and comparing T ist with a second temperature setpoint T2 soll and maintaining T2 soll , at which a run temperature of the magnet coil system for MR measurements is reached. The magnet coil system can thus be cooled autonomously.

This invention discloses a self-powered liquid CO2 pipeline cooling system based on the cascade utilization of LNG cold energy, belonging to the field of LNG cold energy comprehensive utilization and liquid CO2 pipeline cooling technology. Addressing the existing technical problems of low LNG cold energy utilization, large cooling losses during pipeline cooling, and reliance on external power grids for cooling replenishment, this invention constructs a comprehensive system—employing a low-temperature Rankine cycle unit to recover high-grade cold energy from LNG in the cryogenic temperature range to generate electricity, providing self-powered power for the system; the remaining medium- and low-grade cold energy of LNG is transferred to CO2 in a cascade manner through a cold energy exchange unit to liquefy it; the chilled liquid CO2 is transported to a cold industry park for cooling through a liquid CO2 cooling supply unit, with electrically compressed cooling sub-units installed along the pipeline as needed for relay cooling. This invention achieves efficient cascade utilization of LNG cold energy across the entire temperature range and stable long-distance cooling of liquid CO2. The system is completely self-powered and integrates cooling and power generation, significantly improving overall energy efficiency and cooling stability, and is suitable for large-scale low-temperature cooling scenarios in cold industry parks.

A gas-driven cryocooler is capable of executing an initial cooling for cooling from an initial temperature to a cryogenic temperature and a steady-state operation for maintaining the cryogenic temperature following the initial cooling. The gas-driven cryocooler includes a compressor, a cold head, and a flow restrictor that is connected between the compressor and the cold head and that operates to restrict a flow rate of a working gas to the cold head during the initial cooling, as compared with a flow rate during the steady-state operation.

To suitably cool a first cooled object having an extremely low working temperature and a second cooled object having a working temperature higher than that of the first cooled object, and to simplify a cooling system.SOLUTION: A cryogenic cooling system 10 for cooling a rotor 1 having an extremely low operating temperature and a stator coil 2 having an operating temperature higher than that of the rotor includes a cryogenic cooling source 12, a rotor 1, a preheating heat exchanger 13, a stator coil 2, and a refrigerant flow path in which a refrigerant circulates by a pump 14 provided in the refrigerant flow path. The refrigerant which has cooled the rotor is preheated to the working temperature of the stator coil 2 by the preheating heat exchanger 13 and then cools the stator coil, and the refrigerant which has cooled the stator coil is cooled by the preheating heat exchanger and then returned to the cryogenic cooling source and circulated.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The invention relates to a device including a substrate, a dielectric layer on the substrate, a waveguide within the dielectric layer, and a photodetector optically coupled to the waveguide. The photodetector is disposed above the waveguide layer and monolithically integrated with the substrate. The photodetector is configured to operate at cryogenic temperatures (e.g., below about 50 K or about 20 K). In some embodiments, the monolithic photonic device includes a thermal isolation structure and an optical isolation structure. Techniques for fabricating monolithic photonic devices including a thermal isolation structure and an optical isolation structure are also described.

Disclosed are container and cap assemblies for cryogenic storage of materials at temperatures below negative 150° C. The container and cap assemblies disclosed maintain container closure integrity and fluid-tightness at ambient and cryogenic temperatures, optionally to preserve biologically active substances stored therein.