The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to an online atmospheric fine particulate matter concentration and collection device and method. Thedevice comprises a PM2.5 cutting head, a water tank system, a virtual cutting system, a condensation circulating system and an online concentrated sample collection system, wherein the water tank system comprises a water tank, an electric heating rod and a temperature control digital display device, the PM2.5 cutting head is communicated with the water tank, the virtual cutting system comprises avirtual cutter, a concentrated airflow vacuum pump and a main airflow vacuum pump, the condensation circulating system comprises a condensing agent circulating pipe and a condenser, the condensation circulating system is used for circulating condensate to condense and grow up saturated particulate matters, and the online concentrated sample collection system comprises a biological sampling bottle,an electromagnetic valve, a relay, an automatic fraction collector and a computer subdivision constant flow pump. The device can concentrate the actual atmospheric fine particles by 7-10 times, and the concentration efficiency is high; technical support can be provided for subsequent online chemical component or toxicity detection; and the device is simple and convenient to operate, reliable, stable and low in maintenance cost.